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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	12 243	14 954	17 743^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.2	3	5.1^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 986.8	3 716.0	4 439.3^c
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	9.6	8.8	7.2^c
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	19.1	21.5	23^c
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	71.4	69.7	69.8^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	48.1	44	41.3^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	10.6	11	14.2^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	41.3	44.9	44.5^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	20.2	16.5	14.7^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	56.4 / 77.7	59.1 / 80.9	57.4 / 80.9^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	115	141^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	88	102	105^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 677	2 205	3 342^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 236	7 281	8 031^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 558	- 5 077	- 4 689^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 199	- 1 767	- 1 965^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^b,k (average annual %)	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2^d
Urban population^b (% of total population)	55.5	57.4	59^c
Urban population growth rate^b,k (average annual %)	-0.5	-0.7	...
Fertility rate, total^b,k (live births per woman)	1.8	2	2.1^d
Life expectancy at birth^b,k (females/males, years)	75.3 / 66.2	76.8 / 67.8	77.9 / 69.1^d
Population age distribution^b (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.0 / 18.9	19.0 / 20.1	20.3 / 21.9^a
International migrant stock^b,l (000/% of total pop.)	73.1 / 1.8	76.7 / 1.9	79.4 / 2.0^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	362.2^m	268.3	291^d
Infant mortality rate^b,k (per 1 000 live births)	18.2	12.9	9.4^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.5	7.9	7.1ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4.4	5	7.1^c
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.2^i,o	1.9^p	3.5ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.1 / 102.7	102.8 / 102.7	99.7 / 98.9^c
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.9 / 97.8^q	100.8 / 98.1	106.8 / 105.9^c
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.6 / 100.4^q	97.6 / 92.9	105.2 / 103.6^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.6	2.7^r	2.2ⁿ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	5.1	11.3	20.7^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	26.9	47.6^t	68.8^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2^u	0.3^v,w,x	0.3^v,w,x,n
Threatened species (number)	46	114	124
Forested area (% of land area)	40.6ⁱ	40.6	40.6ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5.0 / 1.3	8.5 / 2.3	8.8 / 2.4ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	58	55	52ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	34	49	51ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 067	3 012	5 080^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	34.4	40.3	40.3^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	83.9 / 39.4	84.0 / 39.9	84.1 / 40.3^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	33.1 / 50.6	29.6 / 47.5	27.6 / 44.5^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.9	3.07	2.89^c

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
c		2019
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refer to 5 cities only.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		2018
o		2009
p		2012
q		2008
r		2014
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 6 years and over.
u		2005
v		Excluding business enterprise.
w		Partial data.
x		Excluding private non-profit.