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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	2 927 911	2 696 778	3 380 855^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.2	-10.3	0.3^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	44 782.0	40 040.0	49 224.0^d
Economy: Agriculture^h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	0.7	0.7	0.6^d
Economy: Industry^i,j (% of Gross Value Added)	20.3	19.3	19.3^d
Economy: Services and other activity^i,k (% of GVA)	79	80	77.5^d
Employment in agriculture^l (% of employed)	1.1	1	1^d
Employment in industry^l (% of employed)	18.7	18.1	17.8^d
Employment in services^l (% employed)	80.2	80.9	81.2^d
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.5	4.5	3.9^l
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	56.7 / 68.1	58.2 / 67.1	57.2 / 66.2^l
CPI: Consumer Price Index^m (2010=100)	112	122	150^g
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	98	99^d
International trade: exports (million current US$)	466 296	395 692	508 685^g
International trade: imports (million current US$)	630 251	634 175	809 206^g
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 163 955	- 238 483	- 300 520^g
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 144 834	- 79 781	- 96 634^g

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate^b (average annual %)	0.8	0.2	0.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	82.6	83.7^f	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1ⁿ	...	...
Fertility rate, total^b (live births per woman)	1.8	1.6	1.5^a
Life expectancy at birth^b (females/males, years)	82.7 / 79.0	82.4 / 78.4	83.4 / 79.7^a
Population age distribution^b,o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.9 / 23.2	18.0 / 24.3	17.0 / 25.8^a
International migrant stock^p,q (000/% of total pop.)	9 071.4 / 13.9	10 520.9 / 15.6	11 845.5 / 17.1^g
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	155.1	191.6	611.5^r,g
Under five mortality rate^b (per 1000 live births)	4.5	4.2	4.1^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.8	12	10.9^d
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.8	3	3.3^d
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.3 / 100.1	102.2 / 102.2	102.4 / 102.6^s
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	109.2 / 112.3	113.4 / 113.5	112.8 / 113.4^s
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	141.3 / 132.5	119.0 / 112.1	117.0 / 110.0^s
Intentional homicide rate^t (per 100 000 pop.)	0.9	0.9	1.1^u
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22.8	33.8^v	40.5^v

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	92	94.8^w	96.3^l,d
Research & Development expenditure^x (% of GDP)	2.3^l	2.9	2.9^u
Threatened species (number)	87	176	227^g
Forested area (% of land area)	13	13.2	13.3^s
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	403.4 / 6.2	302.2 / 4.5	309.7 / 4.5^s
Energy production, primary^y (Petajoules)	4 892	4 876	4 319^s
Energy supply per capita^y (Gigajoules)	115	96	94^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	35 149	10 714	30 741^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	86.3	86.8	86.8^g
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	99.0 / 93.6	99.0 / 93.6	99.0 / 93.6^s
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^z (% of GNI)	0.7	0.73	0.59^d

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		Excludes some Overseas Territories.
c		Excluding Channel Islands (Guernsey and Jersey) and Isle of Man, shown separately, if available.
d		2023
e		Data refer to "Urban area" (Greater London).
f		2019
g		2024
h		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
i		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
j		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
k		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
l		Estimate.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in some Overseas Territories.
q		Including refugees.
r		As of mid-2024, the total number of individuals recognised under UK’s statelessness determination procedure is 394.
s		2022
t		England and Wales only.
u		2021
v		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
w		Population aged 16 years and over.
x		Provisional data.
y		Shipments of coal and oil to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man from the United Kingdom are not classed as exports but as part of UK supply
z		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).