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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	234 440	271 886	282 512^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.5	-2.4	1.6^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	42 785.2	49 170.4	50 988.1^d
Economy: Agriculture^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	2.6	2.8	2.6^d
Economy: Industry^g,i (% of Gross Value Added)	27	27.8	29.4^d
Economy: Services and other activity^g,j (% of GVA)	70.4	69.4	68^d
Employment in agriculture^k (% of employed)	4.2	3.7	3.8^d
Employment in industry^k (% of employed)	21.7	21.9	21.4^d
Employment in services^k (% employed)	74.1	74.4	74.8^d
Unemployment (% of labour force)	9.4	7.8	7.3^k
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	55.6 / 62.4	55.2 / 62.9	57.6 / 63.8^k
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	109^l	113	131^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	98	98^d
International trade: exports (million current US$)	59 682	65 607	82 442^f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	60 174	68 267	82 725^f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-492	- 2 660	-284^f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 209	1 734	- 4 364^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate^a (average annual %)	0.3	0.2	0.2^b
Urban population^a (% of total population)	85.2	85.4^e	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.8^a,m	...	...
Fertility rate, total^a (live births per woman)	1.6	1.4	1.3^b
Life expectancy at birth^a (females/males, years)	84.1 / 78.5	84.6 / 79.0	84.8 / 79.4^b
Population age distribution^a,n (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.4 / 27.0	15.7 / 29.0	14.6 / 30.4^b
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	314.9 / 5.7^a	386.1 / 7.0^a	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	16.3	33.3	89.2^f
Under five mortality rate^a (per 1000 live births)	2.1	2.3	2.3^b
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.6^o	9.6	10.3^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.4	3.6	4.4^p
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	7	6.4^e	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.3 / 99.8	99.6 / 100.0	98.4 / 98.8^d
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.2 / 101.6	101.7 / 102.8	102.0 / 102.5^d
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	212.6 / 184.9	199.8 / 171.7	205.9 / 172.1^d
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.5	1.6	1.2^d
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	42.5	46^q	46^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^r (per 100 inhabitants)	86.4	92.2	93^d
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	2.9	2.9	3^p
Threatened species (number)	25	61	40^f
Forested area (% of land area)	73.7	73.7	73.7^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	42.0 / 7.7	35.3 / 6.4	34.7 / 6.3^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	732	745	796^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	247	239	250^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	2 622^s	896	2 127^d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	71.7	71.8	71.9^f
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^t (% of GNI)	-0.02	0.96	0.77^d

Footnotes

a		Including Åland Islands.
b		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
c		Excluding Åland Islands.
d		2022
e		2019
f		2023
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
i		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
j		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Break in the time series.
p		2021
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 16 to 89 years.
s		Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.
t		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).