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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	63 079	96 622	159 746^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	10.4	6.1	6.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	607	813	1 241.0^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	38.8	37.2	36.8^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	17.5	24.2	25.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	43.7	38.6	38^b
Employment in agriculture^f (% of employed)	69	64.4	62.4^b
Employment in industry^f (% of employed)	7.8	6.6	6.5^b
Employment in services^f (% employed)	23.2	29	31.2^b
Unemployment^f (% of labour force)	2.4	4	3.4
Labour force participation rate^f (female/male pop. %)	70.1 / 85.9	59.2 / 79.6	57.2 / 78.2
CPI: Consumer Price Index^g (2010=100)	205	384	1 026^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	122	118^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	2 024	2 533	2 859^b
International trade: imports (million current US$)	17 686	14 090	17 050^b
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 15 662	- 11 557	- 14 191^b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 7 567	- 2 719	- 4 788^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7	2.7	2.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	19.4	21.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.9^h	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.5	4.3	3.8^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	66.4 / 61.0	69.4 / 62.8	71.3 / 64.6^a
Population age distributionⁱ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	42.9 / 4.5	40.5 / 4.8	38.8 / 5.2^a
International migrant stock^j (000/% of total pop.)	797.4 / 0.8	875.2 / 0.7	1 168.5 / 0.9^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	705.7	2 519.3	4 432.5^k,e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	63.3	50.4	41.9^a
Health: Current expenditure^l (% of GDP)	3.8	3.5	2.9^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	0.1	0.1^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.0 / 98.0	107.7 / 117.4	80.7 / 86.7^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	40.8 / 42.5	39.2 / 43.6ⁿ	45.1 / 44.5^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	16.9 / 17.1	... / ...	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	8.5^o	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	27.8	38.8^p	41.9^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	13.9	16.1^f,q	16.7^q,r,s
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6^t	0.3^u,n	...
Threatened species (number)	145	180	335^e
Forested area (% of land area)	15.4	15.1	15^m
CO2 emission estimates^v (million tons/tons per capita)	10.0 / 0.1	13.4 / 0.1	14.5 / 0.1^m
Energy production, primary^v (Petajoules)	1 523	1 734	1 812^m
Energy supply per capita^v (Gigajoules)	16	16	16^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w,x (000)	864	271	897^m
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	15.3	16.8	16.9^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	37.6 / 3.1	38.3 / 5.1	38.6 / 5.8^m
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	15.7 / 3.4	17.1 / 4.1	17.4 / 4.2^m
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	5.04	4.96	3.31^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		UN operational exchange rate.
e		2024
f		Estimate.
g		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
j		Including refugees.
k		The estimate for internally displaced people in Ethiopia was revised upwards to 3.2 million from 2.6 million. Previous estimates of internal displacement in the country did not cover locations that were inaccessible in the Tigray region and the south of the country.
l		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 8 July.
m		2022
n		2017
o		2012
p		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
q		Population aged 10 years and over.
r		Ability to use the internet.
s		2021
t		2013
u		Break in the time series.
v		Excluding Eritrea.
w		Including nationals residing abroad.
x		Arrivals through all ports of entry.