Region | Eastern Africa | |
Population (000, 2020) | 114 964 | |
Pop. density (per km2, 2020) | 115 | |
Capital city | Addis Ababa | |
Capital city pop. (000, 2020) | 4 592.0b | |
UN membership date | 13-Nov-45 | |
Surface area (km2) | 1 104 300a | |
Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 100.1 | |
National currency | Ethiopian Birr (ETB) | |
Exchange rate (per US$) | 31.8b |
2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 26 311 | 63 079 | 80 292c |
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 12.6 | 10.4 | 6.8c |
GDP per capita (current US$) | 300.2 | 625.6 | 735.1c |
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 45.3 | 38.8 | 32.8c |
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 10.4 | 17.5 | 28.7c |
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 21.3 | 19.3 | 18.8c |
Employment in agricultured (% of employed) | 74 | 69.1 | 65.6 |
Employment in industryd (% of employed) | 8 | 9.1 | 10.4 |
Employment in servicesd (% employed) | 18 | 21.8 | 24 |
Unemploymentd (% of labour force) | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
Labour force participation rated (female/male pop. %) | 73.8 / 88.9 | 73.3 / 87.0 | 73.6 / 85.8 |
CPI: Consumer Price Indexd (2010=100) | 100 | 211 | 249a |
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100) | 138 | 170 | 164e |
International trade: exports (million current US$) | 2 330 | 2 024 | 938d,b |
International trade: imports (million current US$) | 8 602 | 17 686 | 9 675d,b |
International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 6 272 | - 15 662 | - 8 737d,b |
Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | -635 | - 7 567 | - 4 611c |
2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
Population growth ratef (average annual %) | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
Urban population (% of total population) | 17.3 | 19.4 | 21.2b |
Urban population growth ratef (average annual %) | 4.6 | 4.9 | ... |
Fertility rate, totalf (live births per woman) | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.3 |
Life expectancy at birthf (females/males, years) | 60.6 / 57.6 | 65.5 / 61.9 | 67.9 / 64.1 |
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 44.9 / 5.1 | 42.2 / 5.2 | 39.9 / 5.3 |
International migrant stockg (000/% of total pop.) | 568.7 / 0.6 | 1 161.6 / 1.2 | 1 253.1 / 1.1b |
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 155.4h | 705.7 | 5 444.5b |
Infant mortality ratef (per 1 000 live births) | 59.8 | 45.8 | 37 |
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 5.5 | 3.9 | 3.5a |
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | ~0.0i | ... | 0.1c |
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 4.5 | 4.7 | ... |
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 88.0 / 95.2 | 96.1 / 105.8 | ... / ... |
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 31.6 / 38.0 | 34.2 / 35.6 | ... / ... |
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 4.5 / 10.5 | 5.3 / 10.9j | ... / ... |
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | ... | 8.8k | ... |
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 21.9 | 27.8 | 38.8l |
2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 0.8d | 13.9 | 18.6d,a |
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.2m | 0.6n | 0.3m,a |
Threatened species (number) | 120 | 145 | 180 |
Forested aread (% of land area) | 12.3 | 12.5 | 12.5a |
CO2 emission estimateso (million tons/tons per capita) | 5.9 / 0.1 | 10.1 / 0.1 | 13.1 / 0.1a |
Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 1 212 | 1 330 | 1 371a |
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 15 | 15 | 15a |
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersp,q (000) | 468 | 864 | 849c |
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1b |
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 37.0 / 1.7 | 38.0 / 3.6 | 38.4 / 4.6a |
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %) | ... / 2.8 | ... / 3.5 | ... / 3.8a |
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 11.58 | 5.04 | 5.9c |
Footnotes |
a | 2017 | |
b | 2019 | |
c | 2018 | |
d | Estimate. | |
e | 2016 | |
f | Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year. | |
g | Including refugees. | |
h | Data as at the end of December. | |
i | 2009 | |
j | 2014 | |
k | 2012 | |
l | Data are as at 1 January of reporting year. | |
m | Break in the time series. | |
n | 2013 | |
o | Including Eritrea. | |
p | Including nationals residing abroad. | |
q | Arrivals through all ports of entry. |