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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 206 165	1 289 784	1 620 091^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.1	-10.9	2.7^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	25 837.0	27 051.0	33 814.0^c
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	3	3.1	2.7^c
Economy: Industry^f,h (% of Gross Value Added)	21.9	22	22^c
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	75.1	74.9	75.2^c
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	4.1	4	3.6^c
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	19.9	20.5	19.9^c
Employment in services^j (% employed)	76	75.5	76.5^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	22.1	15.5	10.9^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	52.6 / 64.9	50.9 / 62.2^j	52.3 / 62.0^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	106	111	132^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	117	96^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	276 959	312 081	403 703^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	304 708	329 739	451 303^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 27 750	- 17 658	- 47 600^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	24 569	10 567	52 182^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate^b (average annual %)	-~0.0	0.2	-0.1^a
Urban population^b (% of total population)	79.6	80.6^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.1^b,l	...	...
Fertility rate, total^b (live births per woman)	1.3	1.2	1.2^a
Life expectancy at birth^b (females/males, years)	85.3 / 79.8	85.0 / 79.5	86.6 / 81.3^a
Population age distribution^b,m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.0 / 24.0	14.2 / 25.8	12.6 / 28.8^a
International migrant stockⁿ (000/% of total pop.)	5 892.8 / 12.6	7 146.1 / 15.0	8 870.5 / 18.5^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	17.3	204.1	685.6^o,e
Under five mortality rate^b (per 1000 live births)	3.1	3	2.8^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.1	10.7	9.7^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.8	4.5	4.3^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.1 / 101.9	104.2 / 103.5	103.1 / 102.9^c
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	118.0 / 122.3	112.8 / 114.6	111.8 / 112.8^c
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	132.8 / 128.1	127.5 / 119.1	129.4 / 119.8^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.6	0.7	0.7^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	41.1	44^q	44.3^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^r (per 100 inhabitants)	78.7	93.2	95.4^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.2	1.4	1.4^s
Threatened species (number)	551	752	879^e
Forested area (% of land area)	37.1	37.2	37.2^p
CO2 emission estimates^t (million tons/tons per capita)	245.0 / 5.2	193.9 / 4.1	219.1 / 4.6^p
Energy production, primary^t (Petajoules)	1 372	1 406	1 444^p
Energy supply per capita^t (Gigajoules)	105	95	100^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	68 175	18 933	71 659^p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	55.1	55.6	57.7^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	99.8 / 98.6	99.8 / 98.6	99.8 / 98.6^p
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^u (% of GNI)	1.84	1.08	1.46^c

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.
c		2023
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		The number of refugees was re-calculated based on the refugee data, as provided by the government. The overall figures for Spain include refugee status (7%), subsidiary protection (8%), temporary protection (50%) and humanitarian reasons (35%). The figures for stateless individuals in Spain represent the 8,525 individuals recognized through the Spanish stateless determination procedure under the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as 38 stateless refugees and 15 stateless asylum-seekers. Source: Permanent Observatory on Immigration, Spanish Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration.
p		2022
q		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
r		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
s		2021
t		Data include the Canary Islands.
u		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).