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General Information

Region		Southern Europe
Population (000, 2021)		46 745^a,b
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		93.7^a,b
Capital city		Madrid
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		6 559.0^c
UN membership date		14-Dec-55
Surface area (km2)		505 969^c
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		96.7^a,b
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.8^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 420 722	1 195 119	1 393 491^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.2	3.8	2^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	30 272.6	25 606.8	29 815.7^c
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	2.6	3	2.9^c
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	25.2	22.1	22.6^c
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	72.1	74.9	74.5^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	4.2	4.1	4^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	23	19.9	20.2^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	72.8	76	75.8^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	19.9	22.1	13^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	51.7 / 67.2	52.6 / 64.7	51.6 / 63.0^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	107	111^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	95	99	106^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	246 265	276 959	312 081^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	315 547	304 708	329 739^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 69 282	- 27 750	- 17 658^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 52 250	24 108	8 665^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^b,k (average annual %)	1.3	-0.1	~0.0^d
Urban population^b (% of total population)	78.4	79.6	80.6^c
Urban population growth rate^b,k (average annual %)	1.5	0.1	...
Fertility rate, total^b,k (live births per woman)	1.5	1.3	1.3^d
Life expectancy at birth^b,k (females/males, years)	84.4 / 78.1	85.3 / 79.6	86.0 / 80.6^d
Population age distribution^b (0-14/60+ years old, %)	14.8 / 22.2	14.9 / 24.0	14.2 / 26.8^a
International migrant stock^b (000/% of total pop.)	6 280.1 / 13.4	5 891.2 / 12.6	6 842.2 / 14.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	6.6^l	17.3	204.1^d
Infant mortality rate^b,k (per 1 000 live births)	3.4	2.9	2.3^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.1	9.1	9^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.7	3.8	4^m
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.9	4.3	4.2ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.6 / 104.4	107.2 / 105.6	102.7 / 101.3^m
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	120.7 / 117.6	124.6 / 125.3	127.4 / 125.0^m
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	134.3 / 123.1	128.0 / 124.7	133.3 / 126.6^m
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.9	0.6	0.6^m
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	36.6	41.1	44^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	65.8^p	78.7^q	90.7^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.4	1.2	1.2^m
Threatened species (number)	240	551	777
Forested area (% of land area)	37.1	37.1	37.2^m
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	262.1 / 5.6	247.1 / 5.3	229.9 / 4.9^c
Energy production, primary^r (Petajoules)	1 419	1 367	1 386^m
Energy supply per capita^r (Gigajoules)	114	105	111^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	52 677	68 175	83 509^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	53.1	57.4	57.6^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	99.9 / 98.7	99.8 / 98.7	99.8 / 98.7^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^s (% of GNI)	0.43	0.12	0.19ⁿ

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla.
c		2019
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		2018
n		2017
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Population aged 10 years and over.
q		Users in the last 3 months.
r		Data include the Canary Islands.
s		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).