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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	317 745	390 414	331 590^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.4	3.6	3.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 190.0	3 571.0	2 895.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	11.3	11.7	11.2^b
Economy: Industry^f (% of Gross Value Added)	36.2	33.9	34.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	52.5	54.4	54.4^b
Employment in agriculture^g (% of employed)	25.8	20.4	18.7^b
Employment in industry^g (% of employed)	25.1	28.5	28.6^b
Employment in services^g (% employed)	49.1	51.1	52.7^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	13.1	8	7.1^g
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	22.8 / 71.0	14.6 / 68.5	14.9 / 69.7^g
CPI: Consumer Price Index^h (2010=100)	157	303ⁱ	624^i,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	104	114^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	21 859	29 323	44 847^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	73 998	70 437^g	94 698^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 52 139	- 41 114^g	- 49 851^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 17 243	- 14 236	- 12 564^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2	1.6	1.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	42.8	42.7^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.1^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.5	2.8	2.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	72.5 / 67.8	72.0 / 67.7	74.2 / 69.8^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	34.1 / 6.9	33.5 / 7.6	31.6 / 8.4^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	499.3 / 0.5	602.5 / 0.6	1 139.8 / 1.0^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	256.4	328.8	682.9^m,e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	23.4	19.4	15.4^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	5.1	4.2^g,o,p	4.7^g,q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.8	0.7	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	89.1 / 90.8^r	95.6 / 95.7	95.9 / 95.9^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	84.2 / 83.8^r	87.8 / 89.7	93.2 / 94.1^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	61.6 / 62.8^r	68.4 / 71.4	72.1 / 76.8^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.7	1.3^s	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments^t (%)	...	15.1	27.7

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	37.8^u	71.9^v	72.7^g,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.7	0.9	1^q
Threatened species (number)	141	172	292^e
Forested area (% of land area)	~0.0	~0.0	~0.0^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	190.8 / 1.9	211.1 / 1.9	214.5 / 1.9^q
Energy production, primary^w (Petajoules)	2 991	3 794	3 661^q
Energy supply per capita^w (Gigajoules)	34	36	35^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	9 328	3 677	11 724^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	38.7	38.7	38.7^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	69.9 / 57.9	72.6 / 63.1	72.6 / 63.1^q
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.78	0.42	0.13^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to Greater Cairo as the sum of the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the surrounding districts of the Governorates of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Al-Qalyübyah (Qalyubia).
d		2019
e		2024
f		At factor cost.
g		Estimate.
h		For urban population only.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		As of 30 June 2024, 152,800 Sudanese were registered by UNHCR in Egypt as asylum-seekers. Of this number, 153,200 were new arrivals who had fled the recent conflict, with an additional 181,000 pending registration with UNHCR by mid-year. The Government of Egypt reported 500,000 Sudanese people having arrived in the country since the onset of the crisis.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
o		Break in the time series.
p		Data are based on SHA2011.
q		2022
r		2014
s		2017
t		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
u		Population aged 6 years and over.
v		Population aged 15 to 74 years.
w		Data refer to fiscal years ending 30 June.