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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	317 745	371 530	409 307^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.4	3.6	6.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 251.5	3 457.2	3 687.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	11.3	12.1	11.5^b
Economy: Industry^f (% of Gross Value Added)	36.2	33.6	34.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	52.5	54.3	54.1^b
Employment in agriculture^g (% of employed)	25.8	20.4	18.7^b
Employment in industry^g (% of employed)	25.1	28.5	28.4^b
Employment in services^g (% employed)	49.1	51.1	53^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	13	8	6.3^g
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	22.8 / 70.8	14.6 / 68.4	16.5 / 71.3^g
CPI: Consumer Price Index^h (2010=100)	157	303ⁱ	486^i,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	104	109^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	21 859	29 323	42 052^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	73 998	70 437	83 159^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 52 139	- 41 114	- 41 107^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 17 243	- 14 236	- 10 537^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2	1.6	1.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	42.8	42.7^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.1^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.5	2.8	2.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	72.5 / 67.8	72.0 / 67.7	74.0 / 69.7^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	34.1 / 6.9	33.5 / 7.6	32.0 / 8.2^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	353.6 / 0.4^l	543.9 / 0.5^l	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	256.4	328.8	384.3^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	23.4	19.4	16.2^a
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	5.1	4.2^g,n,o	4.6^g,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.8	0.7	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.9	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.1 / 94.9^q	98.8 / 99.0	91.8 / 91.4^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	87.4 / 86.9^q	91.8 / 93.7	94.7 / 96.9^p
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	63.2 / 64.3^q	71.4 / 74.4	69.1 / 72.6^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.8	1.3^r	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments^s (%)	...	15.1	27.7

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	37.8^t	71.9^u	72.2^u,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.7	0.9	1^b
Threatened species (number)	141	172	216^e
Forested area (% of land area)	~0.0	~0.0	~0.0^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	191.6 / 2.0	203.5 / 1.9	227.7 / 2.1^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	2 991	3 794	4 019^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	35	35	38^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	9 328	3 677	11 724^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	38.7	38.7	38.7^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	69.9 / 57.9	72.6 / 63.1	72.6 / 63.1^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.78	0.44	2.03^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to Greater Cairo as the sum of the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the surrounding districts of the Governorates of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Al-Qalyübyah (Qalyubia).
d		2019
e		2023
f		At factor cost.
g		Estimate.
h		For urban population only.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
n		Data are based on SHA2011.
o		Break in the time series.
p		2021
q		2014
r		2017
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 6 years and over.
u		Population aged 15 to 74 years.