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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	214 630	317 745	317 359^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5.1	4.4	5.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 593.4	3 437.2	3 161.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	14	11.3	11.4^b
Economy: Industry^e (% of Gross Value Added)	37.5	36.2	36.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e (% of GVA)	48.5	52.5	51.9^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	28.3	25.8	23.3^f,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	25.4	25.1	28.2^f,d
Employment in services (% employed)	46.3	49.1	48.6^f,d
Unemployment^f (% of labour force)	8.8	13	10.1^d
Labour force participation rate^f (female/male pop. %)	22.6 / 75.6	22.4 / 73.3	22.1 / 70.9^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^g (2010=100)	100	157	303^h,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	101	102^b
International trade: exportsⁱ (million current US$)	26 332	21 852	26 815^d
International trade: importsⁱ (million current US$)	53 003	73 975	60 280^d
International trade: balanceⁱ (million current US$)	- 26 672	- 52 123	- 33 464^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 4 504	- 17 243	- 14 236^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.8	2.2	2^d
Urban population (% of total population)	43	42.8	42.7^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.8	2.1	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	3	3.4	3.3^d
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	72.2 / 67.6	73.0 / 68.7	74.1 / 69.5^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	32.6 / 7.6	33.3 / 7.7	33.8 / 8.4^a
International migrant stock^k (000/% of total pop.)	310.0 / 0.4	353.6 / 0.4	543.9 / 0.5^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	109.9^l	256.4	328.8^d
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	23.5	18.9	15.6^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.2	5.3	4.9^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	0.8	0.7^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.8ⁿ	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.7 / 103.7	103.7 / 104.0^o	106.9 / 106.0^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	67.9 / 69.8	80.6 / 81.0^o	89.0 / 89.9^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	46.6 / 49.7	66.5 / 68.0^o	76.9 / 78.2^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.2	2.6^p	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	...	...	27.4^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	21.6^r	37.8	57.3^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4^s,t	0.7	0.7^m
Threatened species (number)	121	141	191
Forested area^f (% of land area)	0.1	~0.0	~0.0^m
CO2 emission estimates^u (million tons/tons per capita)	176.9 / 2.1	203.3 / 2.2	223.6 / 2.3^m
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	3 692	3 051	3 364^m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	39	37	38^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	14 051	9 139	11 196^m
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	38.4	38.4	38.4^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	67.5 / 52.8	69.7 / 57.7	72.8 / 62.7^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.28	0.77	0.59^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to Greater Cairo as the sum of the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the surrounding districts of the Governorates of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Al-Qalyübyah (Qalyubia).
d		2020
e		At factor cost.
f		Estimate.
g		Urban areas.
h		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
i		Special trade system up to 2007.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		2018
n		2008
o		2014
p		2012
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 6 years and over.
s		Excluding private non-profit.
t		Excluding business enterprise.
u		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.