UNData app

General Information

Region		Northern Europe
Population (000, 2021)		1 325^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		31.3^a
Capital city		Tallinn
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		441.3^b
UN membership date		17-Sep-91
Surface area (km2)		45 261^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		90.3^a
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.8^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	19 694	23 049	31 471^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.7	1.8	5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	14 783.9	17 523.3	23 740.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	3.6	3.3	2.9^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	27.6	27.3	25.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	68.8	69.4	71.8^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	4.2	3.9	3.1^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	30.3	30.7	29.4^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	65.5	65.4	67.6^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	16.7	6.2	5.4^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	55.0 / 67.1	56.0 / 69.5	56.8 / 70.7^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	111	122^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	79	111	107^b
International trade: exportsⁱ (million current US$)	12 811	13 908	16 947^c
International trade: importsⁱ (million current US$)	13 197	15 732	17 783^c
International trade: balanceⁱ (million current US$)	-385	- 1 824	-836^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	340	403	-244^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	-0.4	-0.3	0.2^c
Urban population (% of total population)	68.1	68.4	69.1^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	-0.5	-0.2	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	1.7	1.6	1.6^c
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	79.0 / 68.3	81.2 / 71.8	82.5 / 74.0^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.1 / 23.2	16.1 / 25.1	16.5 / 27.2^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	217.9 / 16.4	194.7 / 14.8	199.3 / 15.0^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	101^k	86.8	74.6^c
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	4.7	3.2	2^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	6.3	6.3	6.7^l
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.2	3.4	0^l
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5	5.1	5^m
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.2 / 103.8	97.1 / 97.1	97.8 / 97.5^l
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.3 / 105.2	110.8 / 111.3	118.3 / 115.0^l
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	109.1 / 105.6	116.1 / 113.1	134.5 / 127.9^l
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	5.3	3.4	2.1^l
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22.8	19.8	27.7ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	74.1^o,p	88.4	89.5^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.6	1.5	1.4^q,l
Threatened species (number)	11	17	50
Forested area (% of land area)	55.1	55.7	56.1^l
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	18.6 / 13.9	15.2 / 11.5	11.6 / 8.8^b
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	206	234	277^l
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	178	174	198^l
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^r (000)	2 511	2 961	3 234^l
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	94.7	94.8	94.8^c
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.1	0.15	0.16^m

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		General Extra-EU/Special Intra-EU
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		2018
m		2017
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
p		Users in the last 3 months.
q		Provisional data.
r		Based on mobile positioning data by the Bank of Estonia and Positium LBS.