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General Information

Region		South America
Population (000, 2021)		17 888^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		72^a
Capital city		Quito
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		1 847.7^b
UN membership date		21-Dec-45
Surface area (km2)		257 217^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		100^a
National currency		US Dollar (USD)

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	69 555	99 290	107 436^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.5	0.1	0.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	4 633.6	6 124.5	6 183.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	10.2	10.2	9.7^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	36.3	34.4	34.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	53.5	55.4	55.7^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	27.9	26.2	29.4^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	18.5	19.7	18.2^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	53.6	54.1	52.5^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	4.1	3.6	4.2^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	49.9 / 80.5	52.1 / 81.0	55.3 / 81.0^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	121	124^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	104	98^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	17 490	18 331	20 224^h,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	20 591	21 387	16 140^h,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 101	- 3 057	4 084^h,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 582	- 2 221	2 474^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	1.6	1.5	1.7^c
Urban population (% of total population)	62.7	63.4	64^b
Urban population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	2	1.8	...
Fertility rate, totalⁱ (live births per woman)	2.7	2.6	2.4^c
Life expectancy at birthⁱ (females/males, years)	77.6 / 71.7	78.5 / 72.8	79.6 / 74.0^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	31.0 / 8.6	29.1 / 9.8	27.2 / 11.3^a
International migrant stock^j (000/% of total pop.)	375.3 / 2.5	387.5 / 2.4	784.8 / 4.4^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	171.1^k	133.1^k	498.9^c
Infant mortality rateⁱ (per 1 000 live births)	19.1	15.1	13.6^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	7.1	8.6	8.1^l
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.1	2.1	2.2^m
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.5	5	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	113.2 / 112.9	107.9 / 107.4	104.1 / 102.4^l
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	94.5 / 90.3	106.2 / 102.0	102.8 / 100.1^l
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	82.9 / 76.5	98.5 / 93.3	99.6 / 95.6^l
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	17.5	6.5	5.8^l
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	32.3	41.6	39.4ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	29^o	48.9^p	54.1^p,q
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.4^r	...
Threatened species (number)	2 255	2 308	2 568
Forested area (% of land area)	52.5	51.6^h	50.8^l
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	31.6 / 2.1	37.2 / 2.3	36.2 / 2.1^l
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 110	1 260^h	1 240^h,l
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	35	37	35^l
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	1 047	1 676	2 535^l
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	24.9	26.6	29.7^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	72.1 / 47.9	74.0 / 50.3	74.7 / 52.8^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	35.2 / 50.8	33.7 / 55.5	31.2 / 60.3^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.25	0.33	0.49^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Includes irrigation canals.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Including refugees.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		2018
m		2017
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Population aged 5 years and over.
p		Persons aged 5 and over, direct informant aged 15 and over.
q		2016
r		2014
s		Including nationals residing abroad.