UNData app

General Information

Region		Western Europe
Population (000, 2021)		83 900^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		240.7^a
Capital city		Berlin
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		3 556.8^b
UN membership date		18-Sep-73
Surface area (km2)		357 582^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97.9^a
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.8^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	3 396 354	3 356 236	3 861 124^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.2	1.5	0.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	42 020.0	41 036.1	46 231.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	0.9	0.8	0.8^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	29.8	30.1	29.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	69.3	69.2	69.6^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	1.6	1.4	1.2^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	28.3	27.7	26.8^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	70	70.9	72.1^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	7	4.6	3^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	52.8 / 66.5	54.3 / 66.1	55.3 / 66.5^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	107	106^i,c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	95	99	94^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 267 743	1 328 500	1 382 851^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 060 672	1 057 536	1 171 421^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	207 071	270 964	211 430^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	196 172	288 621	266 326^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	-0.2	0.2	0.5^c
Urban population (% of total population)	77	77.2	77.4^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	0.1	0.3	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	1.4	1.4	1.6^c
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	82.4 / 77.0	82.9 / 77.9	83.6 / 78.7^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	13.6 / 26.1	13.2 / 27.5	14.0 / 29.1^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	9 812.3 / 12.1	10 220.4 / 12.5	15 762.5 / 18.8^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	670.6^k	573.8	1 421.9^c
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	3.7	3.4	3.2^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	11.1^l	11.2	11.4^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.8	4.1	4.3^m
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.9	4.8	4.9ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.7 / 103.3	101.6 / 101.7	104.3 / 103.5^m
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.2 / 106.7	96.4 / 101.1	94.6 / 100.4^m
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.8 / 113.9	96.0 / 106.7	90.0 / 101.6^m
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1	0.8	0.9^m
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	32.8	36.5	31.5^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	82^p	87.6^q	88.1^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	2.7	2.9	3.1^h,m
Threatened species (number)	79	107	205
Forested area (% of land area)	32.7	32.7	32.7^m
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	758.8 / 9.5	729.7 / 8.9	659.1 / 7.9^b
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	5 490	5 015	4 666^m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	171	158	152^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^r (000)	26 875	34 970	39 563^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	77.5	78.1	78.7^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	98.1 / 91.1	98.5 / 91.4	98.7 / 91.6^c
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^s (% of GNI)	0.39	0.52	0.67ⁿ

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Includes irrigation canals.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Index base: 2015=100.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		Break in the time series.
m		2018
n		2017
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
q		Users in the last 3 months.
r		Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.
s		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).