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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product^f (million current US$)	19 901	25 227	29 211^c
GDP growth rate^f (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.4	-3.4	5.1^c
GDP per capita^f (current US$)	23 476.8	28 820.4	32 999.4^c
Economy: Agriculture^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	2.1	2.1	1.8^c
Economy: Industry^h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	11.6	14.6	13.8^c
Economy: Services and other activity^h,j (% of GVA)	86.2	83.3	84.4^c
Employment in agriculture^k (% of employed)	4	2.7	2.4^c
Employment in industry^k (% of employed)	16.2	19.5	17.2^c
Employment in services^k (% employed)	79.8	77.8	80.5^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	15	7.8	6.4^k
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	57.6 / 67.2	56.5 / 69.1	60.2 / 71.0^k
CPI: Consumer Price Index^l,m (2010=100)	102	102	117^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	103	106	108^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	3 359	3 137	5 067^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	7 139	8 729	14 001^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 780	- 5 591	- 8 934^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-84	- 2 523	- 3 886^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate^a (average annual %)	1.4	1.2	0.9^b
Urban population^a (% of total population)	66.9	66.8ⁿ	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.7^a,o	...	...
Fertility rate, total^a (live births per woman)	1.3	1.4	1.4^b
Life expectancy at birth^a (females/males, years)	83.9 / 79.2	83.7 / 78.9	83.8 / 79.8^b
Population age distribution^a,p (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.0 / 17.3	15.9 / 18.8	16.1 / 20.0^b
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	176.7 / 15.2^a	190.4 / 15.8^a	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	14.1	36.6	68.1^e
Under five mortality rate^a (per 1000 live births)	3.1	3.3	2.9^b
Health: Current expenditure^q (% of GDP)	6.8	8.4	9.4^r
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.6	3.4	3.6^r
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.3	5.2ⁿ	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.3 / 99.3	100.4 / 101.0	99.2 / 99.0^r
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.2 / 100.0	103.5 / 106.1	103.7 / 104.5^r
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.6 / 100.3	96.4 / 100.0	99.5 / 102.3^r
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.3	1.2	0.9^e
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12.5	19.6^s	14.3^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^t (per 100 inhabitants)	71.7	90.8^u	89.6^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.5	0.8	0.8^r
Threatened species (number)	60	84	105^e
Forested area (% of land area)	18.7	18.7	18.7^r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5.9 / 4.9	5.7 / 4.6	5.8 / 4.7^r
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	5	7	8^r
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	72	72	74^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	2 659	632	1 937^r
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	69.2	74.3	74.3^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	86.2 / ...	86.2 / ...	86.2 / ...^c
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	...	...	0.05^m,c

Footnotes

a		Refers to the whole country.
b		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
c		2022
d		2018
e		2023
f		Excluding northern Cyprus.
g		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
i		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
j		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
m		Data refer to government controlled areas.
n		2019
o		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
p		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
q		Since 2016 health expenditure data do not include foreign health insurance provided insurance to the country's residents is missing.
r		2021
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
u		Use of the internet during the first quarter of the year.