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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product^f (million current US$)	25 707	19 771	24 565^c
GDP growth rate^f (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2	3.4	3.2^c
GDP per capita^f (current US$)	30 993.1	23 323.4	28 284.9^c
Economy: Agriculture^g (% of Gross Value Added)	2.3	2.1	2.3^c
Economy: Industry^h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	16.4	11.6	15^c
Economy: Services and other activity^j (% of GVA)	81.2	86.3	82.7^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	3.8	4	2^k,e
Employment in industry (% of employed)	20.4	16.2	16.3^k,e
Employment in services (% employed)	75.8	79.8	81.7^k,e
Unemployment^k (% of labour force)	6.3	14.9	7.2^e
Labour force participation rate^k (female/male pop. %)	57.6 / 70.6	57.9 / 67.4	57.8 / 68.0^e
CPI: Consumer Price Index^l,m (2010=100)	100	102	102^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	107	103	106^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 506	3 367	2 741^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	8 645	7 133	7 504^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 7 138	- 3 766	- 4 763^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 799	-84	- 2 850^e

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^a,n (average annual %)	1.6	0.9	0.8^e
Urban population^a (% of total population)	67.6	66.9	66.8^c
Urban population growth rate^a,n (average annual %)	1.4	0.7	...
Fertility rate, total^a,n (live births per woman)	1.5	1.4	1.3^e
Life expectancy at birth^a,n (females/males, years)	81.1 / 76.8	82.2 / 77.7	82.8 / 78.6^e
Population age distribution^a (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.8 / 16.1	16.9 / 17.7	16.5 / 20.2^b
International migrant stock^a (000/% of total pop.)	188.5 / 16.9	176.7 / 15.2	190.4 / 15.8^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	8.8^o	14.1	36.6^e
Infant mortality rate^a,n (per 1 000 live births)	4.3	4.2	3.5^e
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	6.5	6.9	6.8^p,d
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.2	2.6	2^q
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.5	6.3	5.8^r
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.6 / 101.6	99.3 / 99.3	99.3 / 100.2^d
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.0 / 90.9	99.4 / 100.1	99.0 / 101.5^d
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	88.1 / 86.0	99.6 / 100.3	97.4 / 101.5^d
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.7	1.3	1.3^d
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12.5	12.5	21.4^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	53^t	71.7	86.1^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.5	0.5^u,d
Threatened species (number)	43	60	92
Forested area (% of land area)	18.7	18.7	18.7^d
CO2 emission estimates^f (million tons/tons per capita)	7.3 / 8.9	5.9 / 7.0	6.3 / 7.3^d
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	4	5	6^d
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	93	74	80^d
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	2 173	2 659	3 939^d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	60.2	67.3	72.3^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	86.3 / ...	86.3 / ...	86.3 / ...^e
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^l (% of GNI)	0.23	0.09	...

Footnotes

a		Refers to the whole country.
b		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
c		2019
d		2018
e		2020
f		Excluding northern Cyprus.
g		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Includes irrigation canals.
i		Excludes publishing activities.
j		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Data refer to government controlled areas.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Data as at the end of December.
p		Since 2016 health expenditure data do not include foreign health insurance provided insurance to the country's residents is missing.
q		2016
r		2017
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
u		Provisional data.