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General Information

Region		Caribbean
Population (000, 2021)		11 318^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		106.3^a
Capital city		Havana
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		2 138.4^b
UN membership date		24-Oct-45
Surface area (km2)		109 884^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		98.6^a
National currency		Cuban Peso (CUP)^c
Exchange rate (per US$)		1^d,e

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	64 328	87 206	105 355^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.4	4.4	2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 730.4	7 700.4	9 295.9^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	3.7	3.9	3.9^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	23.1	22.6	24.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	73.2	73.5	71.8^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	18.6	18.6^f	17.3^f,e
Employment in industry (% of employed)	17.1	17.1^f	16.8^f,e
Employment in services (% employed)	64.3	64.3^f	65.9^f,e
Unemployment^f (% of labour force)	2.5	2.4	1.6^e
Labour force participation rate^f (female/male pop. %)	42.0 / 68.4	41.6 / 67.1	40.5 / 66.7^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	86	100	88^b
International trade: exports^f (million current US$)	4 914	3 618	573^e
International trade: imports^f (million current US$)	11 488	12 638	6 580^e
International trade: balance^f (million current US$)	- 6 574	- 9 020	- 6 008^e

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^g (average annual %)	-0.1	0.2	~0.0^e
Urban population (% of total population)	76.6	76.9	77.1^b
Urban population growth rate^g (average annual %)	0.2	0.3	...
Fertility rate, total^g (live births per woman)	1.6	1.7	1.6^e
Life expectancy at birth^g (females/males, years)	80.1 / 76.1	80.4 / 76.5	80.7 / 76.7^e
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.7 / 17.3	16.7 / 19.4	15.7 / 22.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	7.4 / 0.1	4.6 / ~0.0	3.0 / ~0.0^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.4^h	0.3	0.3^e
Infant mortality rate^g (per 1 000 live births)	5.3	4.8	4.5^e
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	10.7	12.8	11.2ⁱ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	6.8	7.8	8.4ⁱ
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	12.8	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.2 / 102.6	96.5 / 102.3	101.0 / 104.6^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.4 / 92.1	99.1 / 96.7	100.9 / 99.8^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	91.1 / 88.8	101.2 / 91.4	110.9 / 102.3^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.5	5.5	5^j
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	43.2	48.9	53.4^k

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	15.9^l	37.3	68^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6	0.4	0.5ⁱ
Threatened species (number)	304	337	388
Forested area (% of land area)	27.5^f	30.6	31.2^f,i
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	29.5 / 2.6	26.8 / 2.4	24.4 / 2.2ⁱ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	200	212^f	197^f,i
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	45	41	33ⁱ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^m (000)	2 507	3 506	4 684ⁱ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	51.2	54.5	54.5^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	32.9 / 54.6	32.6 / 52.8	32.4 / 51.0^e
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.21	0.65	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		The national currency of Cuba is the Cuban Peso (CUP). The convertible peso (CUC) is used by foreigners and tourists in Cuba.
d		UN operational exchange rate.
e		2020
f		Estimate.
g		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
h		Data as at the end of December.
i		2018
j		2016
k		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
l		Including users of the international network and also those having access only to the Cuban network.
m		Arrivals by air.