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General Information

Region		Caribbean
Population (000, 2025)		10 937^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		102.4^a
Capital city		Havana
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		2 138.4^d
UN membership date		24 October 1945
Surface area (km2)		109 884^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97.3^a
National currency		Cuban Peso (CUP)^c
Exchange rate (per US$)		24^e,f

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	87 206	107 352	147 113^g
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.4	-10.9	-1.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	7 734.0	9 605.0	13 302.0^g
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	3.9	2.8	3.1^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	22.6	23.2	22.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	73.5	74	74.6^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	18.7	17.9	17.1^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	16.8	16	16^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	64.5	66.1	66.9^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	2.4	2.2^h	1.4^h
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	43.4 / 67.1	40.4 / 62.9	39.1 / 65.2
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	75	73^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 318^h	1 703	777^h,f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	8 418^h	7 230	7 067^h,f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 7 100^h	- 5 528	- 6 289^h,f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-~0.0	-0.2	-0.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	76.9	77.1^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.3^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.7	1.5	1.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	80.0 / 75.6	79.9 / 75.0	80.8 / 76.1^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.7 / 19.4	15.8 / 21.1	15.0 / 25.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	4.6 / ~0.0	3.0 / ~0.0	2.1 / ~0.0^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.3	0.3	0.2^f
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	6.3	6	5.5^a
Health: Current expenditure^h,l (% of GDP)	12.8	12.5	11.8^g
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	7.8	9.3	9.5^m
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.6 / 106.6	100.2 / 103.5	98.8 / 100.5^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.8 / 100.4	93.9 / 101.8	92.9 / 98.5^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.9 / 92.1	110.1 / 103.9	100.7 / 93.3^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	5.5	4.5^d	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	48.9	53.2ⁿ	55.7ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	37.3^o	71.1^o	71.3^h,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.5	0.3^p,q,m
Threatened species (number)	337	357	693^f
Forested area (% of land area)	30.6	31.2	31.2^g
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	28.7 / 2.5	21.1 / 1.9	23.1 / 2.1^g
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	212	170	136^g
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	40	31	33^g
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^r (000)	3 506	1 085	1 613^g
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	55.8	55.8	55.8^f
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	37.9 / 54.9	37.0 / 55.2	37.1 / 56.0^g
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.65	0.5	0.1^g

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		The national currency of Cuba is the Cuban Peso (CUP). The convertible peso (CUC) is used by foreigners and tourists in Cuba.
d		2019
e		UN operational exchange rate.
f		2024
g		2022
h		Estimate.
i		Areas not elsewhere specified.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
m		2021
n		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
o		Population aged 6 years and over.
p		Break in the time series.
q		Provisional data.
r		Arrivals by air.