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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product^a (million current US$)	11 061 573	14 687 744	17 794 782^c
GDP growth rate^a (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7	2.2	5.2^c
GDP per capita^a (current US$)	7 923.0	10 299.0	12 509.0^c
Economy: Agriculture^g,h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	8.7	8	7.5^c
Economy: Industry^h,j (% of Gross Value Added)	41	38	38.5^c
Economy: Services and other activity^g,h,k (% of GVA)	50.3	54	54^c
Employment in agriculture^a,l (% of employed)	28.3	23.6	22.3^c
Employment in industry^a,l (% of employed)	29.3	31.4	31.8^c
Employment in services^a,l (% employed)	42.4	45	45.8^c
Unemployment^a,l (% of labour force)	4.6	5	4.5
Labour force participation rate^a,l (female/male pop. %)	62.6 / 75.9	59.9 / 71.9	59.2 / 70.7
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	115	112^m	115^m,f
Agricultural production index^a (2014-2016=100)	101	105	114^c
International trade: exports^a (million current US$)	2 273 468	2 589 098	3 576 543^f
International trade: imports^a (million current US$)	1 679 564	2 069 568	2 585 135^f
International trade: balance^a (million current US$)	593 904	519 530	991 409^f
Balance of payments, current account^a (million US$)	293 022	248 836	423 919^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate^a (average annual %)	0.5	0.1	-0.2^b
Urban population^a (% of total population)	55.5	60.3^e	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.9^a,n	...	...
Fertility rate, total^a (live births per woman)	1.7	1.2	1^b
Life expectancy at birth^a (females/males, years)	79.8 / 74.4	81.0 / 75.2	81.2 / 75.7^b
Population age distribution^a,o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.3 / 15.6	18.0 / 17.9	15.4 / 21.5^b
International migrant stock^a,p,q (000/% of total pop.)	1 196.0 / 0.1	1 415.1 / 0.1	1 638.7 / 0.1^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	301.6^a	304.1^a	0.9^f
Under five mortality rate^a (per 1000 live births)	10.8	7.6	7.5^b
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.9	5.6^r	5.4^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.8	2.4	3.1^s
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.2 / 96.9	100.1 / 98.4	100.1 / 98.4^c
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.7 / 101.4^t	... / ...	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	87.9 / 82.0	86.5 / 82.9	93.0 / 90.2^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.7	0.5	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	23.6	24.9^u	26.5^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^a,w (per 100 inhabitants)	50.3^l,v	70.1	77.5^c
Research & Development expenditure^a (% of GDP)	2.1	2.4	2.4^x
Threatened species^a (number)	1 040	1 172	1 761^f
Forested area (% of land area)	22.4	23.4	23.8^s
CO2 emission estimates^a (million tons/tons per capita)	8 989.5 / 6.4	9 850.6 / 6.9	10 710.9 / 7.5^s
Energy production, primary^a (Petajoules)	101 382	112 748	127 765^s
Energy supply per capita^a (Gigajoules)	86	99	109^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^a (000)	56 886	7 967^y	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	9.5	10.1	10.1^f
Pop. using safely managed drinking water^a (urban/rural, %)	93.8 / ...	97.5 / ...	97.9 / ...^s
Pop. using safely managed sanitation^a (urban/rural, %)	69.8 / 24.0	83.8 / 34.0	84.7 / 36.7^s
Net Official Development Assist. received^a (% of GNI)	-~0.00	-~0.00	-~0.00^c

Footnotes

a		For statistical purposes, the data for China do not inc. those for the Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan, Province of China.
b		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
c		2023
d		Refers to all city districts (exc. Yanqing) meeting criteria such as contiguous built-up areas, location of local government, street, or having a Resident Committee.
e		2019
f		2024
g		Inc. taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
h		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
i		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
j		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
k		Excludes repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, personal and household goods. Includes publishing activities and landscaping care.
l		Estimate.
m		Index base: 2015=100.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Including refugees.
q		Refers to foreign citizens.
r		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
s		2022
t		2012
u		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
v		Est. Data refer to permanent residents. Users in the last six months.
w		Population aged 6 years and over.
x		2021
y		Inc. arrivals of non-residents visitors through border areas in China.