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General Information

Region		Eastern Asia
Population (000, 2021)		1 444 216^a,b
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		153.8^a,b
Capital city		Beijing
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		20 035.5^d,c
UN membership date		24-Oct-45
Surface area (km2)		9 600 000^c
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		105.2^a,b
National currency		Yuan Renminbi (CNY)
Exchange rate (per US$)		6.5^b,e

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product^b (million current US$)	6 087 192	11 061 573	14 342 934^c
GDP growth rate^b (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	10.4	7	6.1^c
GDP per capita^b (current US$)	4 447.1	7 862.7	10 003.6^c
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	9.6	8.7	7.4^c
Economy: Industry^g (% of Gross Value Added)	46.7	41	39.2^c
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	43.7	50.3	53.4^c
Employment in agriculture^b,i (% of employed)	36.7	28.6	24.7^e
Employment in industry^b,i (% of employed)	28.7	29.2	28.2^e
Employment in services^b,i (% employed)	34.6	42.2	47.1^e
Unemployment^b,i (% of labour force)	4.5	4.6	4.4^e
Labour force participation rate^b,i (female/male pop. %)	64.0 / 78.3	62.5 / 76.9	59.8 / 74.8^e
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	115	112^j,e
Agricultural production index^b (2014-2016=100)	89	101	104^c
International trade: exports^b (million current US$)	1 577 764	2 273 468	2 590 601^e
International trade: imports^b (million current US$)	1 396 002	1 679 564	2 055 591^e
International trade: balance^b (million current US$)	181 762	593 904	535 010^e
Balance of payments, current account^b (million US$)	237 810	293 022	273 980^e

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^b,k (average annual %)	0.6	0.5	0.5^e
Urban population^b (% of total population)	49.2	55.5	60.3^c
Urban population growth rate^b,k (average annual %)	3.5	2.9	...
Fertility rate, total^b,k (live births per woman)	1.6	1.6	1.7^e
Life expectancy at birth^b,k (females/males, years)	75.7 / 71.9	77.4 / 73.1	79.0 / 74.5^e
Population age distribution^b (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.7 / 12.2	18.1 / 15.0	17.6 / 17.9^a
International migrant stock^b,l (000/% of total pop.)	849.9 / 0.1	978.0 / 0.1	1 039.7 / 0.1^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR^b (000)	301.1^l	301.6	304.1^e
Infant mortality rate^b,k (per 1 000 live births)	18.1	12.3	9.9^e
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.2	4.9	5.4^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.4	1.8	2ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.0 / 99.8	96.4 / 96.2	102.6 / 101.4^c
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	88.0 / 88.3	... / ...	... / ...
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	76.1 / 77.5	81.1 / 77.4	80.9 / 78.1^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1	0.7	0.5^m
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	21.3	23.6	24.9^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet^b (per 100 inhabitants)	34.3	50.3^i,p,q,r	54.3ⁿ
Research & Development expenditure^b (% of GDP)	1.7	2.1	2.1^m
Threatened species^b (number)	859	1 040	1 308
Forested area (% of land area)	21.3	22.3	22.9^m
CO2 emission estimates^b (million tons/tons per capita)	7 831.0 / 5.9	9 093.3 / 6.6	9 809.2 / 6.8^m
Energy production, primary^b (Petajoules)	88 642	100 808	103 893^m
Energy supply per capita^b (Gigajoules)	74	85	91^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^b (000)	55 664	56 886	62 900^s,m
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	8.6	9.5	10.1^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water^b (urban/rural, %)	89.2 / ...	93.1 / ...	95.0 / ...^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation^b (urban/rural %)	53.6 / 17.3	70.7 / 29.5	85.6 / 43.9^e
Net Official Development Assist. received^b (% of GNI)	0.01	0	0^c

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China.
c		2019
d		Refers to all city districts (excluding Yanqing District) meeting the criteria such as contiguous built-up areas, being the location of the local government, being a Street or Having a Resident Committee.
e		2020
f		Includes taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
g		Gas distribution is included in Wholesale and retail trade.
h		Excludes repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Index base: 2015=100.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		2018
n		2017
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Users in the last 6 months.
q		Population aged 6 years and over.
r		Data refer to permanent residents.
s		Including arrivals of non-residents visitors through border areas in China.