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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	21 566	37 918	47 320^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.1	6.9	4.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	334	497.3	545.2^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	22.4	19.7	20.8^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	40.5	44.8	42.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^d (% of GVA)	37	35.5	36.8^b
Employment in agriculture^e (% of employed)	70	67	65.1^c
Employment in industry^e (% of employed)	8.6	9.5	9.8^c
Employment in services^e (% employed)	21.4	23.5	25.1^c
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	4	4.4	4.2^c
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	63.9 / 68.7	61.0 / 66.8	60.4 / 66.0^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	130	134^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	57	100	110^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	5 300^e	5 800^e	14 122^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	4 500^e	6 200^e	6 663^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	800^e	-400^e	7 459^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 174	- 1 484	- 1 095^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^g (average annual %)	3.3	3.3	3.2^c
Urban population (% of total population)	40	42.7	45^b
Urban population growth rate^g (average annual %)	4.6	4.6	...
Fertility rate, total^g (live births per woman)	6.6	6.4	6^c
Life expectancy at birth^g (females/males, years)	56.9 / 54.0	59.5 / 56.7	61.7 / 58.7^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	46.1 / 4.7	46.3 / 4.7	45.6 / 4.7^a
International migrant stock^h (000/% of total pop.)	589.9 / 0.9	810.0 / 1.1	952.9 / 1.1^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	2 363.9ⁱ	2 001.0	6 229.7^c
Infant mortality rate^g (per 1 000 live births)	83.8	73.1	64.9^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.7	4	3.3^j
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1^k	0.1^l	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	1.5	2.2	1.5^e,m
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.0 / 106.9	107.6 / 108.4	114.7 / 122.2^j
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	30.1 / 52.2	36.0 / 56.3	... / ...
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	24.2 / 46.4	29.5 / 47.6	... / ...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	8.4	8.9	12.8ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	0.7	3.8	8.6^m
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^o,p,k	0.4^q,r,s	...
Threatened species (number)	296	333	571
Forested area^e (% of land area)	60.5	58.1	56.6^j
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1.9 / ~0.0	2.7 / ~0.0	2.1 / ~0.0^j
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	856	1 218	1 173^j
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	13	16	14^j
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	81^t	354^u	351^u,f
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	50.3	50.3	52.7^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	33.7 / 0.7	37.0 / 0.9	40.4 / 1.0^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	18.0 / 17.4	16.2 / 14.2	14.5 / 11.2^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	16.87	7.4	6.12^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Restaurants and hotels are included in "Other activities".
e		Estimate.
f		2016
g		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
h		Including refugees.
i		Data as at the end of December.
j		2018
k		2009
l		2013
m		2017
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Government only.
p		S&T budget instead of R&D expenditure.
q		Overestimated or based on overestimated data.
r		Excluding business enterprise.
s		Break in the time series.
t		Arrivals by air.
u		The arrivals data relate only to three border posts (N'Djili airport in Kinshasa, the Luano airport in Lubumbashi, and the land border-crossing of Kasumbalesa in Katanga province).