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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	13 531	14 930	19 396^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-4.9	-8.7	2.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	6 141.0	6 311.0	7 820.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	2	2.3	1.7^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	39	28.1	36^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	59	69.5	62.3^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	18.6	19.4	18^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	17.2	15	15.8^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	64.1	65.5	66.2^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	18.9ⁱ	21	22.9ⁱ
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	56.3 / 68.3	56.5 / 67.0	64.1 / 73.6
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	133	153	197^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	123	120^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	6 330	4 376	3 609^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	8 048	6 605	7 498^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 718	- 2 229	- 3 888^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	301	- 1 521	-117^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	1.4	1.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	67.2	70.2^k	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.3^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3	2.9	2.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	65.2 / 61.2	70.4 / 65.0	72.0 / 66.9^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	34.4 / 5.6	32.9 / 5.9	32.0 / 6.2^a
International migrant stockⁿ (000/% of total pop.)	103.1 / 4.7	110.3 / 4.7	116.4 / 4.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	2.4	1	1^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	48.8	41.2	36^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	6.1	6.1	5.7^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4^q	0.4	0.4^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.2 / 103.0	101.2 / 103.4^r	108.2 / 110.3^p
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.8 / 90.6	90.2 / 87.6^k	95.2 / 93.3^p
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	... / ...	62.1 / 48.3^s
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	14.9^t	9.3	11.4^s
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	9.5	10.8^u	8.7^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	37.3	69.5	81.4^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6^v	...	...
Threatened species (number)	24	33	37^d
Forested area (% of land area)	28	26.9	26.5^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5.6 / 2.5	6.4 / 2.7	7.6 / 3.1^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	56	51	65^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	36	39	43^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 528	328	314^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	51.1	51.1	51.1^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	76.2 / ...	73.0 / ...	72.9 / ...^p
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.5	0.54	1.49^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2018
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		2019
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
p		2022
q		2012
r		2017
s		2021
t		2010
u		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
v		2013