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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	13 707	12 930	13 469^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.6	-0.4	3.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	35 268.9	31 164.3	31 086.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	0.7	1.1	1^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	67.4	60.2	61.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	31.9	38.7	37.5^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	0.7	0.7	1.3^d
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	19.3	17.8	15.8^d
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	80	81.5	82.8^d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	6.7	7.9	9^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	57.0 / 75.3	58.0 / 73.1	57.6 / 70.7^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	100	101^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	98	97^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	8 908	6 353	7 113^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 539	3 229	7 236^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	6 369	3 124	-124^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	5 016	2 157	514^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.2	1.3	1.1^d
Urban population (% of total population)	75	76.7	77.9^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.7	1.9	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	1.9	2	1.8^d
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	75.5 / 73.4	76.2 / 73.8	76.9 / 74.5^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	26.0 / 5.4	24.1 / 7.0	21.9 / 10.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	100.6 / 25.9	102.7 / 24.8	112.0 / 25.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	21^k	20.5	20.9^d
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	9.3	8.8	7.9^d
Health: Current expenditure^l (% of GDP)	2.3	2.4	2.4^c
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.4	1.8	1.6^m
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2	3.4ⁿ	4.4^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.3 / 106.8	105.3 / 105.7	100.5 / 99.7^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.5 / 98.9	97.5 / 95.5	93.7 / 90.6^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.7 / 96.6	95.0 / 91.6	88.1 / 83.7^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.3	0.5^p	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	...	...	9.1^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	53ⁱ	71.2ⁱ	95^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	0.3^r,s,c
Threatened species (number)	170	189	317
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	72.1	72.1	72.1^c
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	6.9 / 17.6	6.0 / 14.4	7.1 / 16.7^c
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	775	673	639^c
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	349	274	364^c
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^t (000)	214	218	333^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	41.7	41.7	41.7^d

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2018
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes publishing activities.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
m		2017
n		2014
o		2016
p		2013
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Higher Education only.
s		Break in the time series.
t		Arrivals by air.