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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	12 930	12 006	15 128^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-0.4	1.1	1.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	30 625.0	26 834.0	32 963.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	1.1	1.2	1.2^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	60.2	58.1	60.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	38.7	40.7	38.1^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	1.4	1.3	1.5^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	16.7	23.7	21.4^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	82	74.9	77.1^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	7.7ⁱ	7.4	5.1ⁱ
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	57.4 / 73.0	54.6 / 72.3	52.8 / 72.7
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	101	106^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	107	115^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	6 353	6 608	10 462^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	3 229	5 343	7 003^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	3 124	1 266	3 459^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 157	514	2 230^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.3	1	0.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	76.7	77.9^j	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.9^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.9	1.8	1.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	77.1 / 72.9	77.4 / 73.1	77.9 / 73.6^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	23.6 / 7.0	21.6 / 9.2	20.6 / 11.4^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	102.7 / 24.3	112.0 / 25.0	119.9 / 25.9^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	20.5	20.9	20.9^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	9.9	9.8	9^a
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	2.4	2.5	1.8ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.8	1.8^c	1.9^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.5 / 102.9	103.9 / 101.6	97.6 / 96.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.4 / 100.2	106.4 / 104.7	106.9 / 108.9^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.3 / 86.3	85.3 / 78.9	88.0 / 83.4^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.5^p	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments^q (%)	...	9.1	11.8

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	71.2	96.3^r	99^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.3^s,t,c	...
Threatened species (number)	189	275	623^d
Forested area (% of land area)	72.1	72.1	72.1ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5.8 / 13.8	10.1 / 22.5	11.5 / 25.4ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	673	604	505ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	270	367	396ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	218	62	4^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	41.7	41.7	41.7^d

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2018
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		2019
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
n		2022
o		2021
p		2013
q		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
r		Population aged 15 years and over.
s		Higher Education only.
t		Break in the time series.
u		Arrivals by air.