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General Information

Region		Eastern Europe
Population (000, 2025)		6 715^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		61.9^a
Capital city		Sofia
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		1 276.9^c
UN membership date		14 December 1955
Surface area (km2)		110 372^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		93.7^a
National currency		Bulgarian Lev (BGN)
Exchange rate (per US$)		1.9^d

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	50 766	70 551	102 397^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.4	-3.2	1.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	7 073.0	10 175.0	15 068.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	4.7	4	2.9^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	27.8	25.1	25.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	67.5	70.9	71.3^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	6.9	6.6	5.7^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	29.9	30.3	29.6^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	63.2	63.1	64.7^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	9.1	5.1	4ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	48.7 / 60.1	49.3 / 62.7	50.8 / 62.8ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	107	116	155^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	98	90	96^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	25 779	31 915	46 647^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	29 265	35 027	53 806^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 486	- 3 113	- 7 159^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	9	256	- 2 014^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.7	-0.5	-0.7^a
Urban population (% of total population)	74	75.3^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.2^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.5	1.6	1.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.1 / 71.2	77.5 / 70.0	79.5 / 72.5^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	13.9 / 27.2	14.4 / 28.5	14.4 / 28.8^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	123.8 / 1.7	184.4 / 2.7	299.1 / 4.4^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	19	21.5	98.9^m,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	7.7	6	5.7^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	7.4	8.5	7.7ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4	4.3	4.3ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.2 / 99.0	96.3 / 96.8	95.4 / 95.4^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	122.0 / 128.3	105.1 / 104.7	98.4 / 99.3^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	89.8 / 92.9	97.1 / 100.7	92.2 / 94.9^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.8	1	1.1^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	20.4	26.7^o	21.2^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^p (per 100 inhabitants)	56.7	70.2	80.4^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.9	0.8	0.8^q
Threatened species (number)	85	127	159^d
Forested area (% of land area)	35.3	35.9	36.1ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	44.3 / 6.2	34.5 / 5.0	44.2 / 6.5ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	505	449	543ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	108	105	117ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	7 099	1 290	5 557ⁿ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	98.3	99.3	99.3^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	69.6 / 55.7	75.1 / 60.2	77.2 / 61.4ⁿ
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.09^r	...	0.17^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		No official data on the actual number of refugees residing in Bulgaria is available. The estimate includes 61,100 Ukrainians who received temporary protection, and 33,400 other refugees.
n		2022
o		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
p		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
q		2021
r		2014