UNData

General Information

Region		Western Europe
Population (000, 2019)		11 539
Pop. density (per km2, 2019)		381.1
Capital city		Brussels
Capital city pop. (000, 2019)		2 065.3^b
UN membership date		27-Dec-45
Surface area (km2)		30 528^a
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		98
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.9^c

Economic indicators

	2005	2010	2019
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	387 356	483 548	494 764^a
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2010 prices)	2.1	2.7	1.7^a
GDP per capita (current US$)	36 727.1	44 205.1	43 288.9^a
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	0.9	0.9	0.7^a
Economy: Industry^d (% of Gross Value Added)	25.1	23.2	22^a
Economy: Services and other activity^d (% of GVA)	74	76	77.3^a
Employment: Agriculture^e (% of employed)	2	1.4	1.2
Employment: Industry^e (% of employed)	24.7	23.4	21.2
Employment: Services^e (% employed)	73.3	75.3	77.6
Unemployment (% of labour force)	8.4	8.3	6.4^e
Labour force participation^e (female/male pop. %)	45.5 / 61.3	47.5 / 60.8	47.9 / 58.6
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	90^f	100^f	115^c
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	100	100	101^g
Index of industrial production (2005=100)	100	117	121^h
International trade: Exports (million current US$)	335 692	407 596	468 529^e,c
International trade: Imports (million current US$)	319 085	391 256	450 888^e,c
International trade: Balance (million current US$)	16 606	16 340	17 641^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	7 703	7 977	- 6 819^c

Social indicators

	2005	2010	2019
Population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	0.5	0.7	0.6^j
Urban population (% of total population)	97.4	97.7	98
Urban population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	0.6	0.8	0.7^j
Fertility rate, totalⁱ (live births per woman)	1.7	1.8	1.8^j
Life expectancy at birthⁱ (females/males, years)	81.4 / 75.3	82.3 / 76.8	83.0 / 78.0^j
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.2 / 22.1	16.9 / 23.2	17.1 / 25.3
International migrant stock^k (000/% of total pop.)	882.0 / 8.4	1 119.3 / 10.2	1 268.4 / 11.1^a
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	34.6^l	36.9^l	83.5^c
Infant mortality rateⁱ (per 1 000 live births)	4.2	3.8	3.5^j
Health: Current expenditure^e (% of GDP)	9	9.8	10^g
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2	2.9	3.3^g
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	6.6^j
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.2 / 100.7	101.8 / 102.0	103.3 / 103.4^g
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	169.1 / 151.1	167.3 / 146.9	170.4 / 152.1^g
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	67.9 / 54.5	75.9 / 60.0	86.0 / 66.1^g
Intentional homicide rate^m (per 100 000 pop.)	2.1	1.7	1.9^j
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	34.7	38	38

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2005	2010	2019
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	55.8^e	75	87.7^n,a
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.8	2.1	2.5^o,g
Threatened species (number)	36^p	27	40
Forested area (% of land area)	22.3	22.5	22.6^e,g
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	108.5 / 10.4	110.8 / 10.2	93.4 / 8.3^h
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	577	646	637^g
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	234	230	208^g
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	6 747	7 186	8 385^q,a
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	80.5	80.6	80.8^c
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^r (% of GNI)	0.53	0.64	0.45^a

Footnotes

a		2017
b		Refers to the population of Brussels-Capital Region and "communes" of the agglomeration and suburbs.
c		2018
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Estimate.
f		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
g		2016
h		2014
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		2015
k		Refers to foreign citizens.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Data refer to offences, not victims, of intentional homicide.
n		Users in the last 3 months.
o		Provisional data.
p		2004
q		Break in the time series.
r		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).