UNData app

General Information

Region		Western Europe
Population (000, 2024)		11 739^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2024)		387.7^a
Capital city		Brussels
Capital city pop. (000, 2024)		2 065.3^c,d
UN membership date		27 December 1945
Surface area (km2)		30 528^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97.3^a
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.9^e

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	462 150	526 264	582 643^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2	-5.3	3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	41 086.2	45 517.8	49 986.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	0.8	0.8	0.7^b
Economy: Industry^f,h (% of Gross Value Added)	22	21.6	22.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	77.3	77.7	76.9^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	1.2	0.9	0.9^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	21.4	20.4	19.1^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	77.4	78.7	80^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	8.5	5.6	5.5^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	48.0 / 58.9	49.3 / 58.5	50.8 / 59.6^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	109^k	118	138^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	102	100^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	253 411	295 144	393 158^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	258 593	294 247	415 137^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 5 182	897	- 21 980^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	6 363	7 325	- 6 205^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.7	0.3	0.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	97.9	98^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.7^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.7	1.6	1.4^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	83.1 / 78.6	83.1 / 78.5	84.4 / 80.1^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.0 / 24.1	16.8 / 25.5	16.0 / 27.2^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 783.5 / 15.8	2 005.5 / 17.3	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	45.8	98.2	198.5^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	3.9	3.6	3.4^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	10.8	11.2	11ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3	3.2	6.4^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.5	6.3^d	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.3 / 102.2	102.2 / 102.0	101.8 / 101.8ⁿ
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	188.0 / 177.2	168.9 / 161.8	154.7 / 149.9ⁿ
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	168.4 / 142.4	156.7 / 133.2	148.4 / 128.9ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	...	1.1ⁿ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	39.3	40.7^o	42.7^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^q (per 100 inhabitants)	85.1^p	91.5	94^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	2.4	3.4	3.4ⁿ
Threatened species (number)	30	66	60^e
Forested area (% of land area)	22.8	22.8	22.8ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	89.6 / 8.0	79.3 / 6.9	83.0 / 7.1ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	446	572	747ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	194	181	199ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	8 355^r	2 584^r	8 220^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	66.6	75.5	75.8^e
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^s (% of GNI)	0.79	0.86	0.86^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to the population of Brussels-Capital Region and "communes" of the agglomeration and suburbs.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		2021
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Users in the last 3 months.
q		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
r		Break in the time series.
s		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).