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General Information

Region		Southern Europe
Population (000, 2025)		3 140^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		61.3^a
Capital city		Sarajevo
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		342.7^c,d
UN membership date		22 May 1992
Surface area (km2)		51 209^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		90.9^a
National currency		Convertible Mark (BAM)
Exchange rate (per US$)		1.9^e

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	16 404	20 226	27 515^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.3	-3	2.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	4 662.0	6 130.0	8 639.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	7.3	7	5.6^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	26.3	28.2	28.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	66.4	64.8	66.2^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	17.9	12.7	17.6^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	29.5	33.1	30.6^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	52.6	54.2	51.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	27.7	15.9	10.7^j
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	39.4 / 62.7	38.2 / 60.8	39.3 / 60.0
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	104	104	130^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	115	106^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	5 099	6 153^j	8 894^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	8 994	9 868	15 853^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 895	- 3 715^j	- 6 959^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-826	-574	- 1 176^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-1.3	-1.5	-0.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	47.2	48.6^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.3^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.3	1.5	1.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	80.2 / 73.5	79.4 / 72.5	81.2 / 74.9^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	14.3 / 24.2	13.6 / 28.0	12.8 / 30.7^a
International migrant stock^j,m (000/% of total pop.)	38.6 / 1.1	36.0 / 1.1	34.1 / 1.1^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	143.9	156.2	93.2^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	6.4	6.4	5.2^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	9.2	9.7	8.7^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.1	2.6^d	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.6 / 93.8	101.1 / 99.5	102.2 / 100.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	89.6 / 88.4	92.8 / 90.9	95.9 / 94.0^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	86.0 / 80.0	83.0 / 76.6	85.3 / 77.5^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.6	1.3	1.2^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	21.4	21.4^p	19^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	52.6^j	73.2^q	83.4^q,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2	0.2	0.2^o
Threatened species (number)	85	104	147^e
Forested area (% of land area)	42.2^j	42.7^j	42.7^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	18.7 / 5.3	21.1 / 6.4	21.0 / 6.6^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	173	219	222^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	71	90	95^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	678	197	915^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	43.6	58.4	58.4^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	28.2 / ...	53.1 / ...	58.1 / ...^o
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	2.16	2.19	1.14^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to the municipalities of Stari Grad Sarajevo, Centar Sarajevo, Novo Sarajevo, Novi Grad Sarajevo and Ilidza.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		2022
p		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
q		Population aged 16 to 74 years.