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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 299 463	1 247 634	1 380 208^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.5	2.8	-0.3^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	58 654.1	52 131.4	54 763.2^d
Economy: Agriculture^g (% of Gross Value Added)	2.4	2.6	2^d
Economy: Industry^h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	28.3	24	27.4^d
Economy: Services and other activity^j (% of GVA)	69.3	73.4	70.5^d
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	3.2	2.6	2.5^k,f
Employment in industry (% of employed)	21	19.4	19.8^k,f
Employment in services (% employed)	75.8	78	77.7^k,f
Unemployment^k (% of labour force)	5.2	6	5.3^f
Labour force participation rate^k (female/male pop. %)	58.8 / 72.5	59.2 / 71.2	60.2 / 70.6^f
CPI: Consumer Price Index^l,n (2010=100)	100^m	112	121^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	85	100	89^d
International trade: exports^o (million current US$)	212 109	187 792	245 046^f
International trade: imports^o (million current US$)	201 703	200 114	211 973^f
International trade: balance^o (million current US$)	10 405	- 12 322	33 073^f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 44 714	- 56 959	33 829^f

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^b,p (average annual %)	1.9	1.5	1.3^f
Urban population^b (% of total population)	85.2	85.7	86.1^d
Urban population growth rate^b,p (average annual %)	1.9	1.6	...
Fertility rate, total^b,p (live births per woman)	2	1.9	1.8^f
Life expectancy at birth^b,p (females/males, years)	83.8 / 79.2	84.4 / 80.3	85.2 / 81.2^f
Population age distribution^b (0-14/60+ years old, %)	19.0 / 18.8	18.9 / 20.2	19.3 / 22.1^a
International migrant stock^b (000/% of total pop.)	5 883.0 / 26.6	6 729.7 / 28.1	7 685.9 / 30.1^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	25.6^q	58.4	137.4^f
Infant mortality rate^b,p (per 1 000 live births)	4.4	3.6	3.1^f
Health: Current expenditure^r (% of GDP)	8.4	9.3	9.3^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.3	3.5	3.8^s
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.6	5.3	5.1^t
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.5 / 105.7	101.6 / 101.6	100.1 / 100.2^s
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	145.9 / 167.9	128.6 / 136.7^s
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	202.7 / 239.8	174.8 / 181.2^s
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1	1	0.9^s
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	27.3	26.7	31.1^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	76^k	84.6^v,w	86.5^v,w,t
Research & Development expenditure^k (% of GDP)	2.4	1.9	1.9^t
Threatened species^x (number)	853	909	1 773
Forested area (% of land area)	16.9	17.3	17.4^s
CO2 emission estimates^x (million tons/tons per capita)	383.4 / 17.4	372.4 / 15.6	388.7 / 15.3^d
Energy production, primary^x (Petajoules)	13 646	16 033	17 231^s
Energy supply per capita^x (Gigajoules)	244	223	217^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^y (000)	5 790	7 449	9 246^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	45.9	52.2	56.6^f
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	98.7 / ...	99.0 / ...	99.0 / ...^f
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^z (% of GNI)	0.32	0.29	0.23^t

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.
c		Including Norfolk Island.
d		2019
e		Refers to Significant Urban Areas as of 2001.
f		2020
g		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Excludes publishing activities.
i		Includes irrigation canals.
j		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
m		Break in the time series.
n		Weighted average of index values computed for the 8 capital cities.
o		Imports FOB.
p		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
q		Data as at the end of December.
r		Since Australian HA T-2 covers fiscal year T-2/T-1, the estimation for year T-2 are done to be published in December year T .
s		2018
t		2017
u		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
v		Accessed the internet for personal use in a typical week.
w		Population aged 15 years and over.
x		Excluding overseas territories.
y		Excluding nationals residing abroad and crew members.
z		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).