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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	11 927	11 387	15 278^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.7	2.2	2.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	4 045.7	3 939.4	5 303.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	20.7	22.5	21.3^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	28.7	24.8	23^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	50.7	52.7	55.7^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	42.1	41.4	36.1^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	20.6	18.6	20.2^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	37.3	40	43.7^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	14.1	17.1	12.8^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	45.8 / 62.9	46.1 / 63.8	46.6 / 64.4^c
CPI: Consumer Price Indexⁱ (2010=100)	100	111	121^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	86	100	103^b
International trade: exports^j (million current US$)	1 550	1 930	2 515^c
International trade: imports^j (million current US$)	4 603	4 320	5 602^c
International trade: balance^j (million current US$)	- 3 053	- 2 391	- 3 087^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 356	-980	- 1 318^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	-0.9	-0.4	-0.1^c
Urban population (% of total population)	52.2	57.4	61.2^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.3	1.8	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	1.6	1.7	1.6^c
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	78.5 / 73.2	80.0 / 75.2	80.1 / 76.7^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	22.5 / 15.0	18.7 / 17.9	17.1 / 21.9^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	52.8 / 1.8	52.0 / 1.8	48.8 / 1.7^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.1^l	8.1	3.6^c
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	16.8	9.2	8^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7	4.9	5.3^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.2	1.3ⁿ	1.6^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3^o	3.4	3.6^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.8 / 93.2	107.3 / 104.0	106.4 / 103.4^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	88.4 / 87.9	95.1 / 99.5	95.7 / 94.6^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	79.0 / 81.1	89.6 / 99.6	91.9 / 93.4^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.3	2.2	2.3^m
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	16.4	20.7	29.5^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	45	63.3^h	68.6^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2^r,s	...	...
Threatened species (number)	100	112	147
Forested area^h (% of land area)	28.5	28.8	28.8^m
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	3.9 / 1.3	3.8 / 1.3	4.3 / 1.5^m
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	69	87	81^m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	31	31	32^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^t (000)	2 191	3 784	6 128^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	41.8	49.4	50.5^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	43.0 / 45.8	43.5 / 50.1	44.1 / 53.6^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.09	2.91	0.18^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Includes irrigation canals.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		In 2014, the reported share of non-standard HS codes was relatively high.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		2018
n		2013
o		2007
p		2017
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Partial data.
s		2008
t		Excluding nationals residing abroad.