World Statistics Pocketbook
Technical notes - Statistical sources
- References
Country
nomenclature
The geographical
designations and presentation of the material in this publication have been
adopted solely for the purpose of providing a convenient geographical basis for
the statistical series. Because of space limitations, the country or area names
used in the tables are generally the commonly employed short names in use in
the United Nations, the full names being used only when a short form is not
available. Countries or areas are listed in English alphabetical order.
Country notes
Symbols and
abbreviations
|
... |
Data not available |
|
– |
Magnitude zero |
|
< |
Magnitude not zero, but less than
half of the unit employed |
|
–< |
Magnitude not zero, but negative
and less than half of the unit employed |
|
000 |
Thousands |
|
°C |
Degrees Celsius |
|
°F |
Degrees Fahrenheit |
|
% |
Percentage |
|
60+ |
Aged sixty years and over |
|
. |
Decimal figures are always
preceded by a period (.) |
|
CFA |
Coopération
financière en Afrique centrale |
|
CIF |
Cost,
Insurance and Freight |
|
CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
|
CPI |
Consumer price index |
|
f |
Females |
|
FOB |
Free on board |
|
GDP |
Gross domestic product |
|
GNI |
Gross national income |
|
ILO |
International Labour Organization
|
|
ISIC |
International Standard Industrial
Classification |
|
ISO |
International Organization for
Standardization |
|
km |
Kilometres |
|
m |
Males |
|
mt |
Metric tons |
|
UN |
United Nations |
|
UNESCO |
United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization |
|
UNHCR |
Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees |
|
UNSD |
United Nations Statistics
Division |
|
US$ |
|
Notes on the indicators
Below are brief descriptions of the indicators
presented in the country profiles. The terms
are arranged in alphabetical order. Numbers in square brackets refer to the
primary sources of the data which are listed in the Statistical sources and
references section.
Agricultural production index: The indices are calculated by the Laspeyres formula based on the sum of
price-weighted quantities of different agricultural commodities produced. The commodities covered in the computation of
indices of agricultural production are all crops and livestock products
originating in each country. Practically all products are covered, with the
main exception of fodder crops.
Production quantities of each commodity are weighted by the average
international commodity prices in the base period and summed for each year. To
obtain the index, the aggregate for a given year is divided by the average
aggregate for the base period 1999-2001. Indices are calculated without any
deductions for feed and seed and are referred to as “gross” by the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Source of the data: FAOSTAT database [2] of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor
(last accessed 28 September 2010).
Balance of payments is a statement summarizing the
economic transactions between the residents of a country and nonresidents
during a specific period, usually a year. It includes transactions in goods,
services, income, transfers and financial assets and liabilities. Generally,
the balance of payments is divided into two major components: the current
account and the capital and financial account.
The data on balance of payments presented in the World Statistics Pocketbook correspond to the current account
category. The current account is a
record of all transactions in the balance of payments covering the exports and
imports of goods and services, payments of income, and current transfers
between residents of a country and nonresidents.
Source of the data: International Monetary Fund, International
Financial Statistics [5], available at http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/ (last accessed 5 November 2010).
Capital city: The designation of any specific city as a
capital city is done solely on the basis of the designation as reported by the
country or area. The city can be the seat of the government as determined by
the country. Some countries designate more than one city to be a capital city
with a specific title function (e.g., administrative and/or legislative
capital). The data
refer to the year 2009.
Source of the data: The United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision [13]
available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM_2009/WUP2009-F13-Capital_Cities.xls
(last accessed 11 January 2011).
CO2 emission estimates represent the volume of CO2 (carbon
dioxide) produced during the combustion of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels,
and from gas flaring and the manufacture of cement. Original data were
converted to CO2 emissions by using the conversion formula: 1 gram
Carbon = 3.664 grams CO2, as per
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/convert.html#3.
Source of the data:
Contraceptive
prevalence refers to the percentage of women married
or in-union aged 15 to 49 who are currently using, or whose sexual partner is
using, at least one method of contraception, regardless of the method used.
Contraceptive methods include modern methods such as sterilization, oral
hormonal pills, the intra-uterine device, the condom, injectables, the implant,
vaginal barrier methods and emergency contraception and traditional methods
such as the rhythm, withdrawal, lactational amenorrhea method and folk methods.
The data contain the most recent estimates of contraceptive prevalence between
the years 2006 and 2009 available as of March 2010.
Source of the
data: 2010 Update for the MDG Database:
Contraceptive Prevalence [10], available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/2010_MDGDatabase/2010_Update_MDG_CP.xls
(last accessed 18 August 2010) and produced by the United Nations Population
Division using data from nationally representative surveys including the
Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS),
the CDC-assisted Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS), the Multiple Indicator
Cluster Surveys (MICS) and national family planning, or health, or household,
or socio-economic surveys.
CPI: Consumer price index measures changes over time in the
general level of prices of goods and services that a reference population
acquires, uses or pays for consumption. A consumer price index is estimated as
a series of summary measures of the period-to-period proportional change in the
prices of a fixed set of consumer goods and services of constant quantity and
characteristics, acquired, used or paid for by the reference population. Each
summary measure is constructed as a weighted average of a large number of
elementary aggregate indices. Each of the elementary aggregate indices is
estimated using a sample of prices for a defined set of goods and services
obtained in, or by residents of, a specific region from a given set of outlets
or other sources of consumption goods and services. Unless otherwise noted, the
indices here generally refer to “all items” and to the country as a whole.
Source of the data: LABORSTA Internet [4], an International Labour
Organization database, Table 7A: Consumer prices, general indices, at http://laborsta.ilo.org (last accessed 7 February 2011).
Currency refers to those notes and coins in circulation that are commonly used
to make payments. The official currency names and the ISO currency codes are
those officially in use, and may be subject to change.
Source of the information: United Nations Treasury’s [22] website at http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/ as of 1 October 2010.
Deaths by assault: The rates are the annual number of deaths purposely inflicted by other
persons, reported by sex for the year per 100 000 corresponding mid-year
population. The data refer to the latest available year between 2005 and 2008.
Source of the data: United Nations Statistics
Division’s Demographic Yearbook 2008 [16], Table 20:
Death and death rates by cause and sex, classified under External causes,
assaults. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008.htm.
Education: Female third-level
students percentages are the number of
female students at the third-level of education expressed as a percentage of
the total number of students (males and females) at the same level in a given
school year. Third-level education is
that which is provided at university, teachers’ college, higher professional
school, and which requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful
completion of education at the second level, or evidence of the attainment of
an equivalent level of knowledge. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to
the latest available year between 2005 and 2010.
Source of the data: the website of the UNESCO Institute of Statistics [8], Table 14: Tertiary
indicators, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=167 (October 2010 release).
Education: Government expenditure
(% of GDP): Unless otherwise indicated, the
data refer to the latest available year between 2005 and 2010. They show the
trends in general government expenditures for educational affairs and services
at pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary levels and subsidiary services
to education expressed as a percentage of the gross domestic product.
Source of the data: the website of UNESCO Institute for Statistics [8], Table 19: Finance indicators by ISCED
level, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=172 (October 2010 release).
Education: Primary and secondary
gross enrolment ratio is the total enrolment in first
and second levels of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of
the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of
education in a given school year. Education at the first level provides the
basic elements of education (e.g. at elementary school or primary school).
Education at the second level is provided at middle school, secondary school,
high school, teacher-training school at this level and schools of a vocational
or technical nature. Enrolment is at the beginning of the school or academic
year. The gross enrolment ratio at the
first and second level should include all pupils whatever their ages, whereas
the population is limited to the range of official school ages. Therefore, for countries
with almost universal education among the school-age population, the gross
enrolment ratio will exceed 100 if the actual age distribution of pupils
extends beyond the official school ages. Unless otherwise indicated, the data
refer to the latest available year between 2005 and 2010.
Source of the data: The website of the UNESCO Institute of Statistics [8],
Table 5: Enrolment ratios by
ISCED level, available at http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=182
(October 2010 release).
Employment in agricultural and in
industrial sectors: The “employed” comprise all
persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one
week or one day, were in "paid employment” or in "self-employment” as
defined below. "Persons in paid employment” comprise all persons in the
following categories: (a) "at work": persons who during the reference
period performed some work for wages, salary or related payments, in cash or in
kind; or (b) "with a job but not at work": persons who, having
already worked in their present job, were absent during the reference period
and continued to have a strong attachment to their job. "Persons in
self-employment” comprise all persons (a) "at work": persons who
during the reference period performed some work for profit or family gain, in
cash or in kind; or (b) "with an enterprise but not at work": persons
with an enterprise, which may be a business enterprise, a farm or a service
undertaking, who were temporarily not at work during the reference period for
any specific reason. Employers, own-account workers and members of producers'
co-operatives should be considered as in self-employment and should be classified
as "at work” or "not at work”, as the case may be. (See ILO’s Current International Recommendations on
Labour Statistics). Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the 15
years and over age group who perform any work at all in the reference period, for
pay or profit in industry (mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water
and construction) and agriculture.
Agriculture comprises the following divisions of the International
Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev. 4:
crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities, forestry
and lodging, and fishing and aquaculture.
Source of the data: The Key Indicators of the Labour Market database [3],
prepared by the International Labour Organization (ILO), available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/
(last accessed 9 November 2010).
Energy consumption per capita: Data on consumption refers to “apparent consumption”, which is derived
from the formula “production + imports - exports - bunkers +/- stock changes”.
Source of the data: The Energy Statistics database of the United Nations Statistics
Division (last accessed 25 March 2011) and the Energy Statistics Yearbook [17].
Energy production, primary, refers to the first stage of production of various forms of energy
(from sources that involve only extraction or capture, with or without separation
from contiguous material, cleaning or grading, before the energy embodied in
that source can be converted into heat or mechanical work, converted into a
common unit (metric ton of oil equivalent) (see United Nations publication Concepts and Methods in Energy Statistics,
with Special Reference to Energy Accounts and Balances, 1982).
Source of the data: The Energy Statistics database of the United Nations Statistics
Division (last accessed 25 March 2011) and the Energy Statistics Yearbook [17].
Exchange rates are shown in units of national currency per US dollar and refer to
end-of-period quotations. The exchange rates are classified into broad
categories, reflecting both the role of the authorities in the determination of
the exchange and/or the multiplicity of exchange rates in a country. The market
rate is used to describe exchange rates determined largely by market forces;
the official rate is an exchange rate determined by the authorities, sometimes
in a flexible manner. For countries maintaining multiple exchange arrangements,
the rates are labelled principal rate, secondary rate, and tertiary rate.
Source of the data: The International Monetary Fund, International
Financial Statistics [5], available at http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/ (last accessed 26 October 2010).
For those currencies for which the IMF does not publish exchange rates,
non-commercial rates derived from the operational rates of exchange for United
Nations programmes are shown, as published by the United Nations Treasury [22] at http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury/.
Fertility rate: The total fertility rate is a widely used summary indicator of
fertility. It refers to the number of children that would be born per woman,
assuming no female mortality at child bearing ages and the age-specific
fertility rates of a specified country and reference period. Unless otherwise
indicated the data are the five-year average for the reference period 2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of
the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/childbearing.htm
[15] (December 2010 update).
Food production index covers commodities that are considered edible and contain
nutrients. Accordingly, coffee and tea
are excluded because they have practically no nutritive value. The index numbers shown may differ from those
produced by countries themselves because of differences in concepts of
production, coverage, weights, time reference of data, and methods of
evaluation. The data include estimates made by FAO in cases where no official
or semi-official figures are available from the countries.
Source of the data: The FAOSTAT database [2]
of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, available at http://faostat.fao.org/site/612/default.aspx#ancor
(last accessed 28 September 2010).
Forested area refers to the percentage of land area occupied by forest.
Source of the data: The FAOSTAT database [2] of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, available at http://faostat.fao.org/ (last
accessed 27 September 2010).
GDP: Gross domestic product is an aggregate
measure of production equal to the sum of gross value added of all resident
producer units plus that part (possibly the total) of taxes on products, less
subsidies on products, that is not included in the valuation of output. It is also equal to the sum of the final uses
of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured at
purchasers’ prices, less the value of imports of goods and services, and equal
to the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units (see System of National Accounts 2008). The
data in the World Statistics Pocketbook are
in current
Source of the data: The National Accounts Database (December 2010 update) compiled from
national data provided to the United Nations Statistics Division and National
Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [20]. See also
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp.
GDP: Growth rate at constant 2005
prices is derived on the basis of
constant price series in national currency. The figures are computed as the
geometric mean of annual rates of growth expressed in percentages for the years
indicated.
Source of the data: The National Accounts Database, available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2010 update), compiled from national data provided to the United
Nations Statistics Division and National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of
Main Aggregates [20].
GDP per capita estimates are the value of all goods and services produced in the
economy divided by the population.
Source of the data: The National Accounts Database, available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2010 update), compiled from national data provided to the United
Nations Statistics Division and National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of
Main Aggregates [20].
GNI: Gross national income per
capita estimates are the aggregate value
of the balances of gross primary incomes for all sectors in the economy divided
by the population. GNI is equal to GDP less primary incomes payable to
non-resident units plus primary incomes receivable from non-resident units. In other words, GNI is equal to GDP less
taxes (less subsidies) on production and imports, compensation of employees and
property income payable to the rest of the world plus the corresponding items
receivable from the rest of the world.
Thus GNI at market prices is the sum of gross primary incomes receivable
by resident institutional units/sectors.
It is worth noting that GNI at market prices was called gross national
product in the 1953 SNA, and it was commonly denominated GNP. In contrast to GDP, GNI is not a concept of
value added, but a concept of income (see System
of National Accounts 2008).
Source of the data: The National Accounts Database, available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp (December 2010 update), compiled
from national data provided to the United Nations Statistics Division and National
Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates [20].
Gross fixed capital formation is measured
by the total value of a producer’s acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed
assets during the accounting period plus certain specified expenditure on
services that adds to the value of non-produced assets (see System of National Accounts 2008). The data are based on the percentage
distribution of GDP in current prices.
Source of the data: The National Accounts Database, available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnllist.asp
(December 2010 update), compiled from national data provided to the United
Nations Statistics Division and National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of
Main Aggregates [20].
Industrial production
index: The data shown here generally cover,
unless otherwise noted, the International Standard Industrial Classification of
All Economic Activities, Revision 4 (ISIC Rev. 4) sections B, C, D and E (i.e.,
mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning supply; and water supply, sewerage, waste management and
remediation activities). The data that are footnoted as referring to ISIC Rev.
3 cover Tabulation Categories C, D and E (mining and quarrying; manufacturing;
and electricity, gas and water supply).
Source of the data: Table 5 of the United Nations Monthly
Bulletin of Statistics [19], October 2010. See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/.
Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) is the ratio of infant deaths (the deaths of
children under one year of age) in a given year to the total number of live
births in the same year. Unless
otherwise noted, the rates are the five-year projected averages for the
reference period 2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social
Indicators website of the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the
United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/
unsd/demographic/products/socind/health.htm [15]
(December 2010 update).
International migrant stock generally represents the number of persons born in a country other
than that in which they live. When information on country of birth was not
recorded, data on the number of persons having foreign citizenship was used
instead. In the absence of any empirical data, estimates were imputed. Data
refer to mid-2010. Figures for
international migrant stock as a percentage of the population are the outcome
of dividing the estimated international migrant stock by the estimated total
population and multiplying the result by 100.
Source of the data: The United Nations Population
Division, Trends in International Migrant
Stock: The 2008 Revision [11] available at http://esa.un.org/migration/. Estimates
of total population are obtained from the United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008
Revision available at http://www.unpopulation.org and
include information received by UNSD as of 16 October 2009.
Internet users per 100 inhabitants are based on nationally reported data for users divided by the total
population and then multiplied by 100. There are variations in data collection
among countries: some use surveys that give a more precise figure for the
number of Internet users, while others base their estimates on derivations from
reported Internet Service Provider subscriber counts, calculated by multiplying
the number of subscribers by a multiplier. Surveys may differ across countries
in the user age and frequency of use they cover. Some figures may refer to only
users above a certain age.
Source of the data: The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2010 (14th
Edition) of the International Telecommunication Union [7],
available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/world/world.html
(last accessed 22 November 2010).
Labour force participation rate is calculated by expressing the number of persons in the labour
force as a percentage of the working-age population. The labour force is the
sum of the number of persons employed and the number of unemployed (see ILO’s Current International Recommendations on
Labour Statistics). The working-age
population is the population above a certain age, prescribed for the
measurement of economic characteristics. Unless otherwise noted, the data refer
to the age group of 15 years and over.
Source of the data: The Key Indicators of the Labour
Market database [3], produced by the International Labour
Organization, available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/
employment/strat/kilm/ (last accessed 13 October 2010).
Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years of life at birth (age 0) according to
the expected mortality rates by age estimated for the reference year and
population. Unless otherwise indicated,
the data are the five-year projected averages for the reference period
2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social
Indicators website of the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the
United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/
products/socind/health.htm [15] (December 2010 update).
Major trading partners shows the largest trade partners (countries of destination and origin)
in international merchandise trade transactions. Data are expressed as
percentages of total exports and of total imports of the country or area.
Source of the data: The United Nations Statistics Division’s Commodity Trade Statistics
Database [14] (COMTRADE, see http://comtrade.un.org) and the
United Nations International Trade
Statistics Yearbook [18].
Population aged 0-14 years refers to the population aged 0-14 years of both sexes as a percentage
of total population. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the year 2010.
Source of the data: The Social
Indicators website of the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/
unsd/demographic/products/socind/child&elderly.htm [15] (December 2010 update).
Population aged 60 years and over refers to elderly men as a percentage of all males and elderly women
as a percentage of all females. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the year
2010.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of
the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/
unsd/demographic/products/socind/child&elderly.htm [15] (December 2010
update).
Population density refers to population per square kilometre of surface area. Data are
derived from the population estimates for 2009 divided by the surface area. See
also population estimates and surface area.
Population estimates: The total population of a country may comprise either all usual
residents of the country (de jure population) or all persons present in the
country (de facto population) at the time of the census. For purposes of
international comparisons, the de facto definition is recommended.
Source of the data: Estimates for 2009 were prepared by the United Nations Population
Division and published in the World
Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision [12], available
at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.htm.
Population growth rate is the average annual percentage change in total population size. Unless otherwise indicated, the
data refer to the period 2010-2015.
Source of the data: The Social
Indicators website of the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/ unsd/demographic/products/socind/population.htm [15] (December 2010 update).
Rainfall in the capital city, total
mean data are computed by adding
average monthly measurements from the weather stations in the capital city,
unless otherwise noted. The data are official climatological information
supplied by national meteorological and hydrological services. Since the definition of mean rainfall and
averaging periods may be different for different countries, care should be
taken when comparing city climatologies.
Source of the data: The World Meteorological Organization website [26],
available at http://www.worldweather.org/
(last accessed 13 January 2011).
Refugees and others of concern to
the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): The 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
spells out that a refugee is someone who,
owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race,
religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social
group, is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable to, or
owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection
of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country
of his or her former habitual residence, is unable or, owing to such fear,
unwilling to return to it. In this series, refugees refer to persons granted a
humanitarian status and/or those granted temporary protection. Included are
persons who have been granted temporary protection on a group basis. The series
also includes returned refugees, asylum-seekers and persons displaced
internally within their own country for reasons that would make them of concern
to the UNHCR if they were outside their country of origin.
Source of the data: The 2009 Global Trends,
Table 1: Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees
(refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR by
country/territory of asylum, end-2009 [9], available
at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html
(Annexes, last accessed 24 June 2010).
Region: Macro geographical regions arranged according to continents and
component geographical regions used for statistical purposes.
Source of the data: The Standard Country or Area
Codes and Geographical Regions for Statistical Use, Revision 4 (United
Nations publication) [21], available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm.
Rural population growth rate data are based on the number of persons defined as rural according to
national definitions of this concept. In most cases these definitions are those
used in the most recent population census.
Source of the data: The United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision [13]
available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm
(last accessed 6 July 2010).
Seats held by women in national parliaments refer to the number of women in
the lower chamber of national parliaments expressed as a percentage of total
occupied seats in the lower or single House.
Source of the data: The
Inter-Parliamentary Union [6], Women in National Parliaments,
Situation as of 30 November 2010, available at http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm.
Sex ratio is calculated as the ratio of the number of men to that of 100 women.
Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the year 2010.
Source of the data: The Social Indicators website of
the Demographic and Social Statistics Branch of the United Nations Statistics Division at http://unstats.un.org/
unsd/demographic/products/socind/population.htm [15] (December 2010 update).
Surface area, unless otherwise noted, refers to land area plus inland water.
Source of the data: The United Nations Demographic
Yearbook 2008 [16], Table 3, available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008.htm
(last accessed 23 September 2010).
Telephone subscribers, total per 100 inhabitants refer to the sum of main telephone lines
and cellular mobile subscribers divided by the population and multiplied by
100.
Source of the data: The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database 2010 (14th
Edition) of the International Telecommunication Union [7],
available at http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/
world/world.html (last accessed 17 January 2011).
Temperature in the capital city,
mean °C (minimum and maximum): Data were
computed from average monthly measurements from the weather stations in the
capital city, unless otherwise noted. The data are official climatological
information supplied by national meteorological and hydrological services
worldwide. Since the definition of mean temperature and averaging periods may
be different for different countries, care should be taken when comparing city
climatologies.
Source of the data: The World Meteorological Organization website [26],
available at http://www.worldweather.org/
(last accessed 13 January 2011).
Threatened species represents the number of plants and animals that are most in need of
conservation attention and are compiled by the World Conservation Union IUCN/
Species Survival Commission (SSC).
Source of the data: Table 5 of the 2010 review of The
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [25], available at www.iucnredlist.org
(last accessed 1 November 2010).
Total trade: exports and imports show the movement of goods out of and into a
country. Goods simply being transported through a country (goods in transit) or
temporarily admitted (except for goods for inward processing) do not add to the
stock of material resources of a country and are not included in the
international merchandise trade statistics. In the “general trade system”, the
definition of the statistical territory of a country coincides with its
economic territory. In the “special trade system”, the definition of the
statistical territory comprises only a particular part of the economic
territory, mainly that part which coincides with the free circulation area for
goods. “The free circulation area” is a part
of the economic territory of a country within which goods “may be disposed of
without Customs restrictions”. In the case of exports, the transaction value is
the value at which the goods were sold by the exporter, including the cost of
transportation and insurance, to bring the goods onto the transporting vehicle
at the frontier of the exporting country (an FOB-type valuation). In the
case of imports, the transaction value is the value at which the goods were
purchased by the importer plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the
frontier of the importing country (a CIF-type valuation). Both imports and
exports are shown in
Source of the data: The United Nations Statistics Division’s Commodity Trade Statistics
Database [14] (Comtrade, see http://comtrade.un.org) and the
United Nations International Trade
Statistics Yearbook [18].
Tourist arrivals at national
borders: An international tourist is any
person who travels to a country other than that in which he or she has his or
her usual residence but outside his/her usual environment for a period not
exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise
of an activity remunerated from with the country visited, and who stays at
least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited
(see Recommendations on Tourism
Statistics of the United Nations and the World Tourism Organization).
Source of the data: The United Nations World Tourism Organization Yearbook of Tourism Statistics [24]. Unless
otherwise indicated, the data refer to arrivals of non-resident tourists at
national borders, and include information received by UNSD as of 4 November
2010.
Unemployment refers to persons above a specified age who during a specified
reference period were: “without work”, i.e. were not in paid employment or
self-employment as defined under employment; “currently available for work”,
i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment during the reference
period; and “seeking work”, i.e. had taken specific steps in a specified recent
period to seek paid employment or self-employment. In circumstances where
employment opportunities are particularly limited and where persons not working
do not have easy access to formal channels for seeking employment or face
social and cultural barriers when looking for a job, the “seeking work”
criterion should be relaxed. National definitions of unemployment often differ
from the recommended international standard definitions and thereby limit
international comparability. Inter-country comparisons are also complicated by
the different types of data collection systems used to obtain information on
unemployed persons. Unless otherwise indicated, the data refer to the 15 years and over
age group and are national employment office
statistics, usually labour force surveys, compiled by the ILO. (See
ILO’s Current International
Recommendations on Labour Statistics, 2000 Edition).
Source of the data: The LABORSTA Internet [4] an ILO database, Tables
3A and B4: Unemployment, general level, available at http://laborsta.ilo.org (last accessed 8
November 2010).
United Nations membership dates: The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization whose members
are the countries of the world. Currently there are 192 Member States of the
United Nations, some of which joined the UN by signing and ratifying the Charter of the United Nations in 1945; the
other countries joined the UN later, through the adoption of a resolution admitting
them to membership. The process usually follows these steps: first, the country
applies for membership and makes a declaration accepting the obligations of the
Charter; second, the Security Council adopts a resolution recommending that the
General Assembly admit the country to membership and finally the General
Assembly adopts a resolution admitting the country.
Source of the data: The List of Member States, available at http://www.un.org/ Overview/unmember.html
[23].
Urban population and urban population growth
rate series are based on the number of persons defined as urban according
to national definitions of this concept. In most cases these definitions are
those used in the most recent population census.
Source of the data: The United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision [13]
available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm
(last accessed 6 July 2010).
[1]
[2]
Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations, FAOSTAT database, available at http://faostat.fao.org/.
[3]
International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market, 6th
edition software, available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/.
[4]
__________, LABORSTA Internet
database, available at http://laborsta.ilo.org/.
[5]
International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington,
International Financial Statistics database, available at http://www.imfstatistics.org/imf/.
[6]
Inter-Parliamentary
[7]
International Telecommunication
Union (ITU),
[8]
United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics,
[9]
United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees, 2009 Global Trends, available at http://www.unhcr.org/statistics.html.
[10] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population
Division, 2010 Update for the MDG
Database: Contraceptive Prevalence (POP/DB/CP/A/MDG2010), available at http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm.
[11]
__________,
Trends in International Migrant Stock:
The 2008 Revision (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2008),
available at http://esa.un.org/migration/.
[12] __________, World Population Prospects. The 2008 Revision,
[13]
__________,
World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009
Revision available at http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/index.htm.
[14] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics
Division, Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), available at http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx.
[15] __________, Demographic and Social Statistics, Social Indicators
website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/default.htm
[16] __________, Demographic Yearbook
(Series R, United Nations publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm.
[17] __________, Energy Statistics
Yearbook (Series J, United Nations publication).
[18] __________, International Trade
Statistics Yearbook (Series G, United Nations publication).
[19] __________, Monthly Bulletin of
Statistics (Series Q, United Nations
publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs/.
[20] __________, National Accounts
Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates (Series X, United Nations
publication). See also http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/introduction.asp.
[21]
__________,
Standard Country or Area Codes for
Statistical Use (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.4),
[22] United Nations, Department of Management, Office of Programme Planning,
Budget and Accounts, Treasury website: http://www.un.org/Depts/treasury.
[23] United Nations Member States website: http://www.un.org/en/members/.
[24] United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO),
[25] World Conservation Union, The
2010 Review of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, available at http://www.redlist.org/.
[26] World Meteorological Organization, at http://www.worldweather.org/.
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Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010),
International Labour Organization (2000). Current International Recommendations on
Labour Statistics, 2000 Edition (
United Nations (1982). Concepts
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Balances: A Technical Report. Statistical Office, Series F, No. 29 and
Corr. 1 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.82.XVII.13 and corrigendum),
available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_29E.pdf.
United Nations (2008). Principles
and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses Rev. 2. Statistics
Division, Series M, No. 67, Rev. 2 (United Nations publication, Sales No.
E.07.XVII.8), available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesM/Seriesm_67rev2e.pdf.
United Nations (2008). International Standard Industrial Classification of
All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev. 4. Statistics
Division, Series M, No. 4, Rev.4 (United Nations publication, Sales No.
E.08.XVII.25), available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesM/seriesm_4rev4e.pdf.
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United Nations, European Commission, International Monetary
Fund, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and World Bank
(2009). System of National Accounts 2008
(SNA 2008), available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp.
United Nations and World Tourism Organization (2008). International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics
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E.08.XVII.28).
World Health Organization (WHO, 2007). International Statistical
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(ICD-10), (