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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	239 258	346 616	408 802^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7	2.9	8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 595.2	3 586.3	4 163.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	15.9	13.9	13^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	37.7	40.3	41.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	46.4	45.9	45.2^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	44	32.6	33.6^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	22.7	31.1	30.6^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	33.2	36.3	35.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	1.8	2.1	1.7^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	72.5 / 82.2	67.9 / 79.0	68.0 / 77.9^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	145	169	183^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	108	114^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	162 017	281 441	370 909^b
International trade: imports (million current US$)	165 776	261 309	358 788^b
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 759	20 132	12 121^b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 041	15 060	25 090^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.2	0.9	0.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	33.8	36.6^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.2^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.1	2	1.9^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.7 / 69.1	80.3 / 70.4	79.4 / 70.1^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	24.0 / 9.9	24.4 / 11.9	23.2 / 13.9^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	72.8 / 0.1^m,n	76.8 / 0.1^m,n	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	11	30.6	26.8^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	22.1	21	19.7^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7	4.3	4.6^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.8	0.8^p	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.4	3.2	3^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.9 / 106.8	119.9 / 118.2	124.2 / 122.2^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.0 / 90.9	101.0 / 98.6	105.5 / 102.9^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	71.8 / 95.3	81.6 / 89.9	86.3 / 89.4^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.5^q	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	24.3	26.7^r	30.6^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	45^j,s	70.3^t	78.6^t,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.4^d	0.4^o
Threatened species (number)	565	738	1 053^e
Forested area (% of land area)	44.9	46.7	47^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	181.5 / 2.0	311.1 / 3.2	258.6 / 2.7^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	3 035	2 337	2 602^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	35	45	41^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	7 944	3 837	3 661^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	40.2	40.2	40.2^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	75.0 / 43.3	75.6 / 45.5	75.8 / 46.4^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	40.5 / 40.4	40.7 / 44.0	40.8 / 45.4^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.4	0.36	0.15^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to urban population in the city districts.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		2021
p		2016
q		2011
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 18 years and over.
t		Population aged 6 years and over.
u		Including nationals residing abroad.