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General Information

Region		South America
Population (000, 2021)		28 705^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		32.5^a
Capital city		Caracas
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		2 935.5^c,b
UN membership date		15-Nov-45
Surface area (km2)		929 690^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		96.7^a
National currency		Bolívar (VEF)
Exchange rate (per US$)		10^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	393 806	344 112	134 960^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-1.5	-6.2	-35^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	13 846.9	11 439.2	4 732.8^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	5.7	6.3	5.7^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	51	30.5	37^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	43.4	63.2	57.3^b
Employment in agriculture^e (% of employed)	8.3	7.4	8.4^f
Employment in industry^e (% of employed)	21.8	20.3	16.1^f
Employment in services^e (% employed)	69.9	72.3	75.5^f
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	7.1	7.4	9.4^f
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	49.5 / 78.4	49.2 / 76.8	45.2 / 74.3^f
CPI: Consumer Price Index^g (2010=100)	100	772	93 584^h,f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	104	101	91^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	66 963	37 236^e	2 164^e,f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	32 343	40 146^e	414^e,f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	34 620	- 2 910^e	1 750^e,f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	5 585	- 16 051	- 3 870ⁱ

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.5	1.1	-1.1^f
Urban population (% of total population)	88.1	88.2	88.2^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.6	1.4	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	2.5	2.4	2.3^f
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	77.0 / 69.2	77.0 / 69.4	76.1 / 68.4^f
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.9 / 8.4	28.4 / 9.6	26.5 / 12.4^a
International migrant stock^k (000/% of total pop.)	1 347.3 / 4.7	1 404.4 / 4.7	1 324.2 / 4.7^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	217.4^l	174.9	427.3^f
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	14.8	15	25.7^f
Health: Current expenditure^e,m (% of GDP)	6.8	5.8	3.6ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	...	1.7^d
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.9^o	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.3 / 104.2	99.8 / 102.0	96.0 / 98.3^d
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	86.6 / 79.0	94.5 / 87.7	91.6 / 84.7^d
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	77.6 / 66.0	85.7 / 74.7	86.0 / 75.2^d
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	46	52	36.7ⁿ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	17.5	17	22.2^p,q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	37.4	64	64.3^d
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2	0.3^r	...
Threatened species (number)	270	312	765
Forested area^e (% of land area)	53.9	52.9	52.5ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	155.6 / 5.5	140.8 / 4.7	112.6 / 3.9ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	7 948^e	7 390	4 608ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	109	87	59ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	526	789	427^d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	53.6	53.6	53.6^f
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.01	...	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to multiple municipalities and parishes (see source).
d		2017
e		Estimate.
f		2020
g		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
h		Figures in millions.
i		2016
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		The National Currency Unit (NCU) used for Venezuela data 2000-2018 is the Bolivar Fuerte (VEF), which is not used since August 2018, replaced by the Bolivar Soberano (VES) (1 VES = 100000 VEF). Also, WHO is using United Nations' exchange rate for VEF to USD, which differs from the official exchange rate.
n		2018
o		2009
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Figures correspond to the legislature elected in 2015 as data for the 2020 election had not been confirmed by the time of reporting.
r		2014