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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	343 662	105 896	129 314^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-6.2	-30	8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	11 256.6	3 716.9	4 569.1^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	4.6	5.2	5^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	49.1	48.4	50.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	46.3	46.3	44.9^b
Employment in agriculture^f (% of employed)	6.3	11.5	11.5^b
Employment in industry^f (% of employed)	21.3	18.2	17.9^b
Employment in services^f (% employed)	72.4	70.2	70.6^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	6.1^f	7.5	5.4^f
Labour force participation rate^f (female/male pop. %)	48.3 / 75.6	38.6 / 64.1	40.2 / 71.2
CPI: Consumer Price Index^g (2010=100)	772	93 584^h	10 038^i,j
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	104	90	90^b
International trade: exports^f (million current US$)	37 248	4 605	6 966^j
International trade: imports^f (million current US$)	40 146	8 906	14 475^j
International trade: balance^f (million current US$)	- 2 898	- 4 301	- 7 509^j
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 16 051	- 3 870^k	...

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1	-1	0.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	88.2	88.2^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.3	2.1	2.1^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	77.4 / 68.9	76.5 / 68.5	76.7 / 68.9^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	28.2 / 9.9	27.8 / 12.5	25.5 / 14.3^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 404.4 / 4.7ⁿ	1 324.2 / 4.7ⁿ	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	174.9	427.3	3 237.5^j
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	18.3	18.8	17.9^a
Health: Current expenditure^f,o,p (% of GDP)	...	4.1	4^q,r
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	1.7^e	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.8 / 100.6	93.1 / 95.0^e	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.0 / 93.7	92.0 / 86.8^e	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	84.3 / 72.3	82.1 / 70.5^e	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	51.3	29.4	12.6^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	17	22.2^s	22.2^s,t,r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^f (per 100 inhabitants)	58	61.6^e	...
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.7^u,k	...
Threatened species (number)	312	379	942^j
Forested area (% of land area)	52.9	52.4	52.3^r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	141.4 / 4.6	64.9 / 2.3	62.7 / 2.2^r
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	7 393	2 350	2 375^r
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	85	45	45^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	789	427^e	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	78.8	78.8	78.8^j
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.01^v	...	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to multiple municipalities and parishes (see source).
d		2019
e		2017
f		Estimate.
g		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
h		Figures in millions.
i		Figures in billions.
j		2023
k		2016
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		The country's currency is the Bolivar Digital (VED), which replaced the Bolivar Soberano (VES) (1 VED = 1,000,000 VES). The complete expenditure series were converted in Bolivar Digital (VED) for 2023 December GHED update.
r		2021
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Figures correspond to the legislature elected in 2015 as data for the 2020 election had not been confirmed by the time of reporting.
u		Break in the time series.
v		2014