UNData app

General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	864 314	720 338	907 118^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.1	1.9	5.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	10 851.9	8 561.7	10 629.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	7.8	7.5	7.2^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	31.6	31.5	35^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	60.6	61	57.8^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	20.4	17.6	16.7^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	27.2	26.2	27.7^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	52.4	56.2	55.6^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	10.2	13.1	9.9^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	31.3 / 71.3	30.8 / 68.0	35.3 / 71.6^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	146^j	263	835^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	119	129^b
International trade: exports^k (million current US$)	150 982	169 658	255 777^e
International trade: imports^k (million current US$)	213 619	219 514	361 774^e
International trade: balance^k (million current US$)	- 62 637	- 49 856	- 105 997^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 21 355	- 31 085	- 44 961^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.5	0.8	0.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	73.6	75.6^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.4^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.2	1.8	1.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	79.7 / 73.5	79.9 / 73.4	80.3 / 74.6^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	23.9 / 11.5	22.8 / 13.0	21.4 / 15.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	4 346.2 / 5.5ⁿ	6 052.7 / 7.2ⁿ	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 985.3	3 905.7	3 630.0^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	13.4	10.6	11.3^a
Health: Current expenditure^o,p (% of GDP)	4.1	4.6	4.6^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.8	2	2.2^q
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.3	3.4	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	107.6 / 107.0	103.0 / 103.6	102.2 / 103.0^q
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	108.8 / 105.5	112.2 / 109.0	102.0 / 100.3^q
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.8 / 109.8	110.8 / 118.2	124.7 / 130.5^q
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.8	2.5	2.7^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	14.4	17.3^r	19.9^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^t (per 100 inhabitants)	53.7^s	77.7^u	86^e
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.9	1.4	1.4^q
Threatened species (number)	370	435	444^e
Forested area (% of land area)	28.1	28.9	29.1^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	327.6 / 4.1	364.3 / 4.3	398.6 / 4.7^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 317	1 826	1 938^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	68	73	78^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	39 478	15 894	50 453^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	63.5 / 67.3	73.8 / 78.2	78.0 / 81.1^b
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^w (% of GNI)	0.65	1.16^d	0.77^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.25	0.08	0.13^q

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to Altindag, Cankaya, Etimesgut, Golbasi, Keçioren, Mamak, Sincan and Yenimahalle.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Special trade system up to 2012.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		Country is still reporting data based on SHA 1.0.
q		2021
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Users in the last 12 months.
t		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
u		Users in the last 3 months.
v		Turkish citizens resident abroad are included.
w		Türkiye reports support to refugees in Türkiye against type of aid C01 "project-type interventions" instead of H02 "in-donor refugee costs".