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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	401 296	500 462	514 945^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.1	-6.1	1.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 689.0	6 986.0	7 182.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	8.9	8.7	8.6^b
Economy: Industry^e,h (% of Gross Value Added)	36.2	33.3	32.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,i (% of GVA)	54.9	58	58.5^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	32.3	31.4	30.1^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	23.7	22.6	22.1^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	43.9	46	47.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	0.6	1.1	0.6^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	61.1 / 77.9	59.1 / 75.5	58.4 / 74.3^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	110	112	123^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	99	103^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	214 309	231 634	300 759^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	202 642	206 150	307 555^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	11 667	25 484	- 6 796^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	27 753	20 933	11 089^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.4	0.2	-0.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	47.7	50.7^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.1^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.5	1.3	1.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	80.9 / 72.5	81.9 / 73.0	81.2 / 72.6^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.1 / 15.3	16.2 / 18.9	14.4 / 22.7^a
International migrant stock^n,o (000/% of total pop.)	2 853.2 / 4.0	3 015.0 / 4.2	3 179.4 / 4.4^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	625.3	573.5	673.9^p,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	10.4	8.7	9.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^q (% of GDP)	3.9	4.4	5.4^r
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.5	0.5	0.5^s
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.6 / 108.8^j	107.2 / 108.4^j	101.2 / 105.7^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	120.0 / 131.6^j	120.2 / 130.5	118.3 / 119.4^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	125.1 / 127.2^j	113.2 / 112.1^j	102.6 / 100.1^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.8^t	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	6.1	16.2^u	19.6^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^v (per 100 inhabitants)	39.3	77.8	89.5^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6	1.3	1.2^s
Threatened species (number)	595	674	905^d
Forested area (% of land area)	39.3	38.9	38.8^r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	253.5 / 3.6	253.4 / 3.5	246.3 / 3.4^r
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	3 148	3 024	2 733^r
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	81	80	79^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	29 923	6 725	511^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	67.6	68	68.2^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	27.7 / 21.1	29.6 / 22.1	30.0 / 22.2^r
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.02^w	...	0.01^r
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.02	0.04	0.02^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Inc. taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Refers to foreign citizens.
p		The total statelessness figure includes 586,500 stateless persons reported by the Royal Thai Government and registered with the national civil registration system by the end of 2023.
q		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 October.
r		2022
s		2021
t		2011
u		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
v		Population aged 6 years and over.
w		2014