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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	401 296	500 457	495 341^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.1	-6.1	2.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 708.8	7 001.8	6 908.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	8.9	8.7	8.8^b
Economy: Industry^f,g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	36.2	33.3	35^b
Economy: Services and other activityⁱ (% of GVA)	54.9	58	56.2^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	32.3	31.4	30.4^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	23.7	22.6	22.2^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	43.9	46	47.3^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	0.6	1.1	0.8^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	61.1 / 77.9	59.2 / 75.4	58.6 / 75.0^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	110	112	122^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	99	106^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	214 309	231 388	281 285^j,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	202 642	207 696	294 630^j,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	11 667	23 692	- 13 345^j,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	27 753	20 933	7 002^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.4	0.2	-0.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	47.7	50.7^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.1^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.5	1.3	1.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	80.9 / 72.5	81.9 / 73.0	81.0 / 72.3^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.1 / 15.3	16.2 / 18.9	14.7 / 22.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	3 470.2 / 5.1ⁿ	3 632.5 / 5.2ⁿ	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	625.3	573.5	678.5^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	10.4	8.7	10^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	3.9	4.4	5.2^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.5	0.9	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.9	3.2	3^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.4 / 108.6^j	99.1 / 99.8	98.2 / 101.1^d
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	129.3 / 139.8^j	120.4 / 129.3	111.1 / 110.7^d
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	127.8 / 127.3^j	101.3 / 93.2	107.5 / 108.7^d
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.8^q	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	6.1	16.2^r	19.4^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^s (per 100 inhabitants)	39.3	77.8	88^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6	1.3	1.2^p
Threatened species (number)	595	674	858^d
Forested area (% of land area)	39.3	38.9	38.8^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	252.6 / 3.6	248.3 / 3.5	237.4 / 3.3^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	3 131	2 925	2 770^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	81	78	80^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	29 923	6 725	511^p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	67.6	68	68^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	27.7 / 21.1	29.6 / 22.1	30.0 / 22.2^b
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.02^t	...	0.01^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.01	0.04	0.03^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 October.
p		2021
q		2011
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 6 years and over.
t		2014