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General Information

Region		Eastern Africa
Population (000, 2025)		19 655^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		31.3^a
Capital city		Mogadishu
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		2 179.9^c,d
UN membership date		20 September 1960
Surface area (km2)		637 657^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		100.4^a
National currency		Somali Shilling (SOS)
Exchange rate (per US$)		24 300.0^e,f

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	6 628	8 628	10 969^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	23.7	-2.8	4.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	480	518	597^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	60.2	60.2	60.2^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	7.3	7.4	7.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	32.5	32.5	32.5^b
Employment in agriculture^g (% of employed)	29.5	26.9	26^b
Employment in industry^g (% of employed)	16.4	17.5	17.9^b
Employment in services^g (% employed)	54.1	55.6	56.1^b
Unemployment^g (% of labour force)	18.6	19.4	18.8
Labour force participation rate^g (female/male pop. %)	21.0 / 47.7	20.9 / 46.8	20.9 / 47.0
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	100	100^b
International trade: exports^g (million current US$)	676	500	1 114^f
International trade: imports^g (million current US$)	1 842	3 507	3 982^f
International trade: balance^g (million current US$)	- 1 166	- 3 007	- 2 868^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	3.4	3.8	3.3^a
Urban population (% of total population)	43.2	45.6^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.8^h	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	7	6.5	5.9^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	57.1 / 53.0	59.2 / 55.1	61.7 / 56.6^a
Population age distributionⁱ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	47.6 / 4.0	47.0 / 4.1	46.6 / 4.1^a
International migrant stock^g,j (000/% of total pop.)	41.0 / 0.3	58.6 / 0.4	78.0 / 0.4^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 165.0	2 701.8	3 901.6^f
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	133.3	113.5	101.1^a
Health: Current expenditure^g,k,l (% of GDP)	2.8	2.2	2.6^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	~0.0ⁿ	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	... / ...	19.0 / 22.8^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	13.8	24.4^o	19^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	1.8^g	15^g	27.6^m
Threatened species (number)	165	199	354^f
Forested area (% of land area)	10.1	9.5	9.3^m
CO2 emission estimates^g (million tons/tons per capita)	0.9 / 0.1	1.2 / 0.1	1.3 / 0.1^m
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	129	151	157^g,m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	10	10	10^g,m
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	0	0	0^f
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	41.1 / 16.4	43.9 / 20.9	44.5 / 21.8^m
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	18.12	33.23	19.6^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Data refers to the urban agglomeration.
d		2019
e		UN operational exchange rate.
f		2024
g		Estimate.
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
j		Including refugees.
k		Est. should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
l		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
m		2022
n		2014
o		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.