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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	669 484	734 271	1 067 583^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.5	-3.6	-0.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	22 335.0	23 693.0	32 094.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	2.8	3.1	2.9^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	45.1	41.2	49.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	52.1	55.7	47.5^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	5.9	3.2	2.8^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	23.8	22.9	16.3^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	70.3	73.9	80.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.6	7.7	3.8ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	21.6 / 79.1	29.3 / 80.8	34.7 / 80.5ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	96	101	111^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	170	172^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	203 689	173 854ⁱ	302 021^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	174 786	137 982	217 340^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	28 903	35 872ⁱ	84 682^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 52 640	- 25 547	- 5 685^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	3.3	1.2	1.7^a
Urban population (% of total population)	83.2	84.1^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.1^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.6	2.3	2.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	79.7 / 76.6	80.1 / 76.0	81.5 / 77.6^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	25.1 / 3.7	25.5 / 4.4	23.6 / 5.4^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	13 251.6 / 44.2	13 071.3 / 42.2	13 683.8 / 40.3^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	70.3	72.9	74.4^o,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	9.1	7	7.1^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.9	6.6^p	4.6^p,q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.4	3.1	3.4^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.2 / 100.3	103.6 / 101.8	101.7 / 103.6^q
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	108.3 / 105.0	101.1 / 101.7	107.3 / 108.3^q
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.7 / 101.3	104.2 / 106.4	133.2 / 133.5^q
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	0.9^c	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	19.9	19.9^r	19.9^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	69.6^s	97.9^t	100^u,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.8^v,w,x	0.5^y,z	0.5^z,q
Threatened species (number)	119	144	255^d
Forested area (% of land area)	0.5ⁱ	0.5ⁱ	0.5^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	527.1 / 17.6	511.1 / 16.5	525.1 / 16.3^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	27 183	26 111	28 267^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	326	332	319^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	17 994	4 138	16 638^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	17.3	20.8	34.2^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	82.4 / ...	82.4 / ...	82.4 / ...^q
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	...	...	0.49^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Base: 2018=100.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Refers to foreign citizens.
n		Including refugees.
o		UNHCR is verifying the number of stateless persons with the Government of Saudi Arabia. Also, only those asylum-seekers facing acute or imminent protection risks are registered by UNHCR. In addition, there are some 3,900 other asylum-seekers who were individually assessed, counselled and advised to inform UNHCR of any changes in their situation, which would justify a decision to register them.
p		Data are based on SHA2011.
q		2022
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		Population aged 12 to 65 years.
t		Population aged 10 to 74 years.
u		Population aged 15 to 74 years.
v		Overestimated or based on overestimated data.
w		Based on R&D budget instead of R&D expenditure.
x		2013
y		Break in the time series.
z		Excluding private non-profit.