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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	669 484	734 271	1 108 149^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.7	-4.3	8.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	20 442.4	20 398.1	30 436.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	2.8	3.1	2.5^b
Economy: Industry^g (% of Gross Value Added)	45.1	41.2	56.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	52.1	55.7	41.3^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	5.9	3.2	2.9^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	23.8	22.9	16.9^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	70.3	73.9	80.2^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.6	7.4ⁱ	4.8ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	22.2 / 79.9	29.5 / 80.1	34.2 / 79.6ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	96	101	109^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	169	172^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	203 689	185 699	327 043^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	174 786	131 313	205 723^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	28 903	54 386	121 320^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 52 640	- 25 547	34 070^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	3.3	1.2	1.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	83.2	84.1^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.1^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.6	2.3	2.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	79.7 / 76.6	80.1 / 76.0	81.3 / 77.3^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	25.1 / 3.7	25.5 / 4.4	23.8 / 5.2^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	10 771.4 / 34.0ⁿ	13 454.8 / 38.6ⁿ	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	70.3	72.9	74.4^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	9.1	7	7.4^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.9	6.6^o	6^o,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.2	2.6	3.1^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.2 / 100.3	103.6 / 101.8	101.7 / 103.6^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	108.3 / 105.0	101.1 / 101.7	107.3 / 108.3^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.7 / 101.3	104.2 / 106.4	133.2 / 133.5^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	0.8^c	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	19.9	19.9^q	19.9^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	69.6^r	97.9^s	100^t,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.8^u,v,w	0.5^x,y	0.5^x,b
Threatened species (number)	119	144	175^d
Forested area (% of land area)	0.5ⁱ	0.5ⁱ	0.5^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	527.1 / 16.1	475.1 / 13.2	549.2 / 15.3^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	27 183	25 916	26 624^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	298	271	305^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	17 994	4 138	16 638^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	18	23.3	23.3^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	82.4 / ...	82.4 / ...	82.4 / ...^b
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	...	...	0.57^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4. Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Base: 2018=100.
k		Areas not elsewhere specified.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees. Refers to foreign citizens.
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		2021
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		This number is reflecting the whole population, based on the age range 12-65 years for the study it is 70% of the population.
s		Population aged 10 to 74 years.
t		Population aged 15 to 74 years.
u		Research and development budget instead of research and development expenditure or based on research and development budget.
v		Overestimated or based on overestimated data.
w		2013
x		Excluding private non-profit.
y		Break in the time series.