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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	39 656	53 356	63 563^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	1.8	-0.9	2.3^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 273.8	7 251.5	8 802.1^c
Economy: Agriculture^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	8.1	7.6	7.7^c
Economy: Industry^g,i (% of Gross Value Added)	30.9	30	30.4^c
Economy: Services and other activity^j (% of GVA)	61	62.4	61.9^c
Employment in agriculture^k (% of employed)	19.4	14.6	13.6^c
Employment in industry^k (% of employed)	24.5	27.9	29.1^c
Employment in services^k (% employed)	56.1	57.5	57.4^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	17.7	9	6.8^k
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	43.3 / 60.8	46.5 / 63.1	51.5 / 68.6^k
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	133	146	192^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	94	111	98^c
International trade: exports^l (million current US$)	13 379	19 501	30 935^f
International trade: imports^l (million current US$)	18 210	26 228	39 828^f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 4 831	- 6 727	- 8 893^f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 370	- 2 177	- 1 954^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate^a (average annual %)	-0.7	-0.9	-0.7^b
Urban population^m (% of total population)	55.7	56.3^e	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.1^m,n	...	...
Fertility rate, total^a (live births per woman)	1.5	1.5	1.5^b
Life expectancy at birth^a (females/males, years)	78.8 / 72.5	78.1 / 71.1	80.2 / 73.7^b
Population age distribution^a,o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	14.3 / 26.9	14.3 / 28.8	14.3 / 29.5^b
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	807.4 / 9.1^m	823.0 / 9.4^m	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	259.7^m	247.4^m	246.1^f
Under five mortality rate^a (per 1000 live births)	6.3	5.6	4.7^b
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	8.8^k	8.7^k	10^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.9	2.7	2.8^q
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.8^r	3.6^e	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.1 / 102.3^k	97.9 / 98.2^k	89.5 / 88.8^c
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.1 / 101.7^k	97.8 / 97.6^k	94.4 / 94.1^c
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	94.6 / 91.2^k	89.4 / 86.7^k	88.7 / 84.6^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.3	1.1	1^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	34	37.6^s	38^s,t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^u (per 100 inhabitants)	65.3	78.4	83.5^c
Research & Development expenditure^v (% of GDP)	0.8	0.9	1^c
Threatened species (number)	56	86	119^f
Forested area (% of land area)	31.1	31.1	32.4^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	44.3 / 5.9	45.5 / 6.2	43.9 / 6.0^q
Energy production, primary^a (Petajoules)	449	458	425^q
Energy supply per capita^a (Gigajoules)	81	89	92^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w,x (000)	1 132	446	1 773^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	26.9	29.6	31.6^f
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	81.5 / 66.5	81.5 / 66.6	81.5 / 66.6^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	24.8 / 30.1	23.0 / 29.5	22.4 / 29.3^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.83	0.95	0.88^q

Footnotes

a		Excluding Kosovo.
b		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
c		2022
d		Refers to the urban population of Belgrade area.
e		2019
f		2023
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
i		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
j		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Special trade system up to 2008.
m		Including Kosovo.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2021
r		2012
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Data reflects the composition of the new legislature elected on 17th December 2023.
u		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
v		Excluding data from some regions, provinces or states.
w		Tourists staying in visitor accommodation establishments.
x		Excluding Kosovo and Metohija.