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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	41 819	39 656	51 475^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.7	1.8	4.2^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 735.4	5 589.0	7 359.3^c
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	7.9	8.1	7.2^c
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	30.3	30.9	30.9^c
Economy: Services and other activityⁱ (% of GVA)	61.8	61	61.9^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	22.3	19.4	15.1^j,e
Employment in industry (% of employed)	25.6	24.5	27.4^j,e
Employment in services (% employed)	52.1	56.1	57.6^j,e
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	19.2	17.7	12.7^e
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	42.9 / 59.2	44.2 / 60.4	47.3 / 62.6^e
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	133	146^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	94	107^c
International trade: exports^k (million current US$)	9 795	13 379	19 498^e
International trade: imports^k (million current US$)	16 735	18 210	26 228^e
International trade: balance^k (million current US$)	- 6 940	- 4 831	- 6 730^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 692	- 1 370	- 2 236^e

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^b,l (average annual %)	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3^e
Urban population^b (% of total population)	55	55.7	56.3^c
Urban population growth rate^b,l (average annual %)	~0.0	-0.1	...
Fertility rate, total^b,l (live births per woman)	1.6	1.5	1.5^e
Life expectancy at birth^b,l (females/males, years)	76.2 / 70.8	77.4 / 72.1	78.4 / 73.2^e
Population age distribution^b (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.3 / 21.1	16.2 / 24.3	15.2 / 25.5^a
International migrant stock^b (000/% of total pop.)	826.3 / 9.2	807.4 / 9.1	823.0 / 9.4^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR^b (000)	312.6^m	259.7	247.4^e
Infant mortality rate^b,l (per 1 000 live births)	7.1	6.1	4.9^e
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.5	8.8	8.5ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.5	2.5	3.1^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.3	3.8	3.6ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.6 / 96.1	101.2 / 101.5	99.6 / 99.7^c
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.4 / 90.5	97.4 / 96.0	95.0 / 94.0^c
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	86.9 / 83.1	93.1 / 89.7	90.6 / 88.2^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.4	1.2	1.2ⁿ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	21.6	34	39.2^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	40.9	65.3	77.4^c
Research & Development expenditure^q (% of GDP)	0.7	0.8	0.9ⁿ
Threatened species (number)	46	56	87
Forested area (% of land area)	33.1	31.1^j	31.1^j,n
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	45.6 / 6.3	44.5 / 6.3	44.8 / 6.4ⁿ
Energy production, primary^r (Petajoules)	440	449	418ⁿ
Energy supply per capita^r (Gigajoules)	90	86	91ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s,t (000)	683	1 132	1 847^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	20.7	24.2	26.8^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	81.5 / 66.6	81.5 / 66.6	81.5 / 66.6^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	14.8 / 25.6	15.9 / 22.1	17.2 / 19.9^e
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.62	0.83	1.16^c

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Kosovo.
c		2019
d		Refers to the urban population of Belgrade area.
e		2020
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes publishing activities.
i		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Special trade system up to 2008.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		2018
o		2016
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Excluding data from some regions, provinces or states.
r		Excluding Kosovo.
s		Excluding Kosovo and Metohija.
t		Tourists staying in visitor accommodation establishments.