UNData app

General Information

Region		Eastern Europe
Population (000, 2021)		19 128^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		83.1^a
Capital city		Bucharest
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		1 812.3^b
UN membership date		14-Dec-55
Surface area (km2)		238 391^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		94.6^a
National currency		Romanian Leu (RON)
Exchange rate (per US$)		4^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	166 225	177 895	250 076^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-3.9	3.9	4.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	8 119.7	8 928.1	12 914.1^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	5.6	4.8	4.5^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	42.4	34.1	31.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	52	61.2	64.3^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	31	25.6	21.3^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	28.3	28.5	30.1^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	40.7	46	48.6^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	7	6.8	3.9^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	46.3 / 64.3	45.2 / 64.4	44.9 / 64.4^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100ⁱ	114ⁱ	127^j,c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	93	96	113^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	49 413	60 605	71 046^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	62 007	69 858	92 056^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 12 593	- 9 253	- 21 010^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 8 478	- 1 396	- 13 138^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	-0.9	-0.5	-0.7^c
Urban population (% of total population)	53.8	53.9	54.1^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	-0.7	-0.5	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	1.5	1.5	1.6^c
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	76.7 / 69.5	78.4 / 71.5	79.3 / 72.4^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.8 / 21.3	15.5 / 23.8	15.5 / 26.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	177.2 / 0.9	281.0 / 1.4	705.3 / 3.7^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1.7^l	2.9	4.3^c
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	12	8.4	6.7^c
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	5.8	4.9	5.6ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.5	2.6^o	3^p
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.5	3.1	3.1^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.1 / 100.8	88.5 / 89.8	86.9 / 87.7ⁿ
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.2 / 98.1	92.9 / 92.9	89.2 / 89.0ⁿ
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.1 / 97.7	91.0 / 89.1	90.8 / 88.3ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.3	1.7	1.3ⁿ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	11.4	13.7	18.5^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	39.9^r	55.8^s	73.7^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.5	0.5	0.5ⁿ
Threatened species (number)	64	85	144
Forested area (% of land area)	28.3	30	30.1ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	74.7 / 3.7	69.6 / 3.5	71.6 / 3.7ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 155	1 116	1 053ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	72	67	72ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	7 498	9 331	12 815^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	65	75.9	76^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	95.0 / 66.7	95.0 / 66.7	95.0 / 66.7^c
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.07	0.09	0.11^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Break in the time series.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Beginning with 2016, the legislative norms in the insurance field changed in order to comply with Solvency II EU Directive. As a result, the data reported by health services and providers showed a increase in insurance benefits sum.
n		2018
o		2013
p		2017
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
s		Users in the last 3 months.