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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	161 740	144 411	237 101^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.8	-3.6	4.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	66 984.9	52 315.7	87 974.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	0.2	0.3	0.2^b
Economy: Industry^f,g,i (% of Gross Value Added)	55.4	49.6	63^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,j (% of GVA)	44.4	50	36.8^b
Employment in agriculture^k (% of employed)	1.2	1.4	1.3^b
Employment in industry^k (% of employed)	54.1	44.3	40^b
Employment in services^k (% employed)	44.6	54.3	58.7^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	0.2	0.1	0.1^k
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	56.3 / 95.6	59.8 / 96.1	64.3 / 96.7^k
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	105^l	97^m	107^m,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	113	159	146^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	77 090	51 504	97 839^k,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	32 611	25 835	33 073^k,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	44 479	25 669	64 766^k,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	13 751	- 2 986	36 470^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	8.3	-0.9	2.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	98.9	99.2^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	6.7ⁿ	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2	1.7	1.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	82.8 / 81.1	82.2 / 79.4	83.5 / 81.8^a
Population age distribution^o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	13.9 / 2.3	15.4 / 2.7	15.1 / 3.5^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 687.6 / 65.8^p	2 226.2 / 77.3^p	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1.4	1.5	1.5^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	7.6	5.9	6.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^k,q,r (% of GDP)	3.6	3.8	2.9^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4^t	2.5^u	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.6^v	3.2	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.2 / 101.7^k	102.0 / 102.2^k	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.2 / 100.3^k	104.2 / 104.9^k	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.2 / 102.1^k	109.6 / 113.0^k	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.2	0.4	0.1^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	0	9.8^w	4.4^w

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^x (per 100 inhabitants)	92.9	99.7	100^k,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.5	0.5^u	0.7^s
Threatened species (number)	35	50	76^e
Forested area (% of land area)	0^k	0^k	0^s
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	70.2 / 29.1	78.9 / 28.6	79.6 / 29.6^s
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	9 402	9 216	9 138^s
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	640	635	665^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	2 941	582	2 560^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	60	60	60^e
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	...	...	0.37^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Does not include the populations from the industrial area and zone 58.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		At producers' prices.
h		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
i		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
j		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Index base: 2013=100.
m		Base: 2018=100.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Refers to foreign citizens.
q		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
r		Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
s		2021
t		2010
u		2018
v		2014
w		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
x		Population aged 15 years and over.