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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	480 054	605 914	809 201^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.4	-2	0.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	12 545.0	15 874.0	20 876.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	2.8	2.9	3^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	34.9	32.4	33.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	62.3	64.7	63.7^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	11.5	9.6	7.6^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	30.5	31.7	29.6^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	57.9	58.7	62.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	7.5	3.2	2.5ⁱ
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	49.1 / 65.2	48.9 / 66.1	51.2 / 65.8
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	108^j	118^j	132^k,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	112	110^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	194 461	254 169	380 333^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	189 696	254 660	379 496^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	4 765	-491	837^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 6 363	14 532	1 789^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-~0.0	-0.3	-1.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	60.3	60^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.2^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.3	1.4	1.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	81.5 / 73.6	80.8 / 72.5	82.6 / 75.3^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.1 / 22.3	15.5 / 25.0	14.5 / 26.7^a
International migrant stockⁿ (000/% of total pop.)	683.7 / 1.8	738.1 / 1.9	1 739.9 / 4.5^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	29	17.4	990.6^o,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	4.8	4.1	3.7^a
Health: Current expenditure^p,q (% of GDP)	6.4	6.5	7^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.3	3.3	4^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.7 / 99.5^r	80.8 / 83.5	105.2 / 105.6^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.5 / 101.8	111.2 / 111.1	94.3 / 96.6^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	115.8 / 119.8	113.6 / 114.7	123.4 / 122.8^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.8	0.7	0.8^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	24.1	28.7^s	31.3^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^t (per 100 inhabitants)	68	83.2	86.4^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1	1.4	1.4^u
Threatened species (number)	51	95	132^d
Forested area (% of land area)	30.8	31	31.1^v
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	280.1 / 7.3	274.3 / 7.2	284.6 / 7.4^v
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	2 843	2 422	2 470^v
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	105	112	113^v
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	16 728	8 418	15 948^v
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	90.7	90.7	90.7^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^w (% of GNI)	0.11	0.17	0.4^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Base 2021 = 100.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		There is no official data on statelessness in Poland. The reported figure refers to the number of stateless people holding a personal identification number issued by the Government, which does not cover all stateless people in the country. The figure additionally includes stateless asylum-seekers and refugees (including beneficiaries of temporary protection) in Poland.
p		Data are based on SHA2011.
q		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
r		2014
s		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
t		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
u		2021
v		2022
w		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).