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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	477 111	599 443	688 125^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.4	-2	5.3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	12 375.4	15 599.0	17 264.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	2.8	2.9	3.2^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	35.1	32.2	31.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	62.1	64.9	65.3^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	11.5	9.6	8.3^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	30.5	31.7	30.8^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	57.9	58.7	60.9^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	7.5	3.2	2.7ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	49.1 / 65.1	48.7 / 65.8	51.0 / 66.8ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	108^j	118^j	132^k,l,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	112	112^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	194 461	254 169	354 667^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	189 696	254 660	341 407^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	4 765	-491	13 260^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 6 170	14 764	12 689^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-~0.0	-0.3	-0.9^a
Urban population (% of total population)	60.3	60^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.2^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.3	1.4	1.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	81.5 / 73.6	80.8 / 72.5	82.5 / 75.1^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.1 / 22.3	15.5 / 25.0	14.8 / 26.3^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	611.9 / 1.6	817.3 / 2.2	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	29	17.4	995^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	4.8	4.1	3.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^o,p (% of GDP)	6.4	6.5	6.7^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.3	3.3	3.4^q
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.8	4.7^c	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.7 / 99.5^r	80.8 / 83.5	99.9 / 100.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.5 / 101.8	111.2 / 111.1	95.4 / 96.9^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	115.8 / 119.8	113.6 / 114.7	111.3 / 113.3^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.8	0.7	0.7^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	24.1	28.7^s	29.6^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^t (per 100 inhabitants)	68	83.2	86.9^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1	1.4	1.4^q
Threatened species (number)	51	95	87^d
Forested area (% of land area)	30.8	31	31^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	280.1 / 7.3	274.3 / 7.1	301.8 / 7.9^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	2 843	2 423	2 507^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	104	112	119^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	16 728	8 418	15 948^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	88.7	88.7	88.7^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^u (% of GNI)	0.11	0.17	0.53^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Break in the time series.
l		Base 2021 = 100.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2021
r		2014
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
u		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).