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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	306 446	361 751	404 284^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.3	-9.5	7.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 974.3	3 224.4	3 498.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	11	10.2	9.5^b
Economy: Industry^f,g,i (% of Gross Value Added)	30.5	28.4	29.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,g,j (% of GVA)	58.5	61.4	61.2^b
Employment in agriculture^k (% of employed)	29.2	24.8	23.7^b
Employment in industry^k (% of employed)	16.2	18.3	18.9^b
Employment in services^k (% employed)	54.6	56.9	57.4^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.1	2.5	2.2^k
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	48.5 / 74.2	42.5 / 66.8	47.3 / 73.2^k
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	107^l	123^l	122^m,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	101	100^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	58 648	65 214	72 923^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	70 153	95 067	133 752^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 11 505	- 29 852	- 60 828^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	7 266	11 578	- 11 206^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	1.1	0.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	46.3	47.1^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.1ⁿ	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.8	2.1	1.9^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	72.5 / 66.3	72.8 / 67.4	73.0 / 67.0^a
Population age distribution^o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	33.5 / 6.2	30.7 / 7.8	27.9 / 8.8^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	211.9 / 0.2^p,q	225.5 / 0.2^p,q	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	386.2	376.5	308.2^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	28.4	28.1	26.5^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.9	5.2	5.1^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.6	0.8	0.8^r
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.5	3.7	3.9^r
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	107.5 / 109.7	95.9 / 95.7	91.7 / 92.0^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.6 / 86.7	98.8 / 93.0	98.5 / 94.8^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	82.1 / 73.6	81.0 / 70.2	95.1 / 80.5^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	8.7^s	4.3^d	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	27.2	28^t	27.3^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^k (per 100 inhabitants)	36.9	53.8^u	72.3^u,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2	0.3^v	...
Threatened species (number)	767	884	1 776^e
Forested area (% of land area)	23.5	24.1	24.2^r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	104.8 / 1.0	126.5 / 1.1	134.2 / 1.2^r
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 092	1 229	1 256^r
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	21	21	22^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w (000)	5 361	1 483	2 654^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	26.9	42.8	42.8^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	61.2 / 33.5	61.7 / 34.5	61.9 / 35.0^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	52.1 / 58.9	55.0 / 65.9	56.2 / 68.8^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.15	0.37	0.4^r

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to the National Capital Region.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Includes taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
i		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
j		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Base: 2012=100.
m		Base: 2018=100.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Including refugees.
q		Refers to foreign citizens.
r		2021
s		2012
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		Population aged 10 to 74 years.
v		2018
w		Including nationals residing abroad.