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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	21 723	23 848	31 020^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.6	-3.2	2.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 485.0	2 430.0	2 986.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	18.3^d	19.6^d	18.8^b
Economy: Industry^e (% of Gross Value Added)	36.4^f	34.5^f	37^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e (% of GVA)	45.3^g	45.9^g	44.2^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	30.1	36.1	38.7^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	7.6	7.5	7.9^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	62.3	56.4	53.4^b
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	2.5	2.9	2.8
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	48.7 / 50.6	49.6 / 51.9	50.7 / 53.4
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	128	164	185ⁱ
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	100	105^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	6 577^h	10 367	11 829^h,i
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 700^h	4 088	6 365^h,i
International trade: balance (million current US$)	877^h	6 279	5 463^h,i
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 434	3 419	4 183^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.5	2	1.7^a
Urban population (% of total population)	13	13.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.2^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.6	3.3	3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	67.5 / 62.1	68.4 / 62.6	69.3 / 63.9^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	36.2 / 4.7	34.7 / 5.3	33.1 / 6.1^a
International migrant stock^l,m (000/% of total pop.)	30.9 / 0.4	31.1 / 0.3	31.2 / 0.3ⁱ
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	9.9	9.8	110.5ⁱ
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	51.5	44.2	38.6^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	1.8	2.3	2.6^h,n
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	~0.0^o	0.1^c	0.1^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.1 / 104.2^p	108.0 / 112.1^q	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	63.4 / 74.9^p	52.6 / 61.1^q	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	16.8 / 23.2^p	15.1 / 21.4^q	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	9.3^o	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	2.7	0^r	2.7^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^h (per 100 inhabitants)	7.9	24.4	24.1^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	~0.0^s,t,u	...
Threatened species (number)	478	585	1 289ⁱ
Forested area (% of land area)	79.5	79.2	79ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	6.3 / 0.7	7.9 / 0.8	8.3 / 0.8^h,n
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	531	605	616^h,n
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	19	19	19^h,n
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	183	39	67ⁿ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	7.2	7.3	7.3ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	29.1 / ...	28.3 / ...	28.3 / ...ⁿ
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	2.92	4.57	2.37^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
g		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2024
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		Including refugees.
n		2022
o		2010
p		2012
q		2018
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		Excluding business enterprise.
t		Partial data.
u		2016