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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	55 517	57 087	76 523^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.1	-17.7	10.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	14 029.8	13 293.3	17 357.6^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	3	3^f,g	2.7^f,g,b
Economy: Industry^g (% of Gross Value Added)	27.8	23.9^h	27^h,b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	69.2	73.1ⁱ	70.3^i,b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	14.7	14.1	15.3^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	18.7	18.5	16.7^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	66.6	67.5	68^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	4.4	14.2	7.5^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	50.0 / 77.5	49.5 / 73.2^j	50.8 / 76.1^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	120	120	127^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	109	117^b
International trade: exports^l (million current US$)	12 043	8 659	3 367^e
International trade: imports^l (million current US$)	22 503	14 717	14 521^e
International trade: balance^l (million current US$)	- 10 460	- 6 058	- 11 154^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 4 848	385	- 3 739^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.7	1.2	1.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	66.7	68.1^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.2^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.5	2.2	2.1^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	80.6 / 74.6	79.8 / 73.1	82.7 / 76.9^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.9 / 10.5	26.4 / 12.0	24.9 / 13.5^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	184.7 / 4.7^o	313.2 / 7.3^o	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	19.3	135.3	353.8^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	17.1	12.8	13.2^a
Health: Current expenditure^j,p (% of GDP)	7.2	10.8	9.7^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.6	1.6	1.7^q
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3	3.8	3.5^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	94.9 / 97.1	93.8 / 94.7	101.0 / 101.9^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	94.2 / 92.7	82.1 / 80.4	91.4 / 90.0^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	64.2 / 56.3	62.9 / 55.0^r	74.2 / 67.1^q
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	11.9	11.6	11.3^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	19.3	22.5^s	22.5^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	51.2^t	72.6^j	73.6^j,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1	0.2	0.2^u,b
Threatened species (number)	373	400	585^e
Forested area (% of land area)	57.6	56.8	56.7^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	10.1 / 2.6	6.8 / 1.6	10.2 / 2.3^q
Energy production, primary^v (Petajoules)	36	42	46^q
Energy supply per capita^v (Gigajoules)	43	31	42^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	2 110	414	1 488^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	54.3	54.9	54.9^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	28.6 / ...	46.3 / ...	50.0 / ...^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.02	0.28	0.15^q

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to the metropolitan area of Panama City.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Urban areas.
l		From 2004 to 2020 merchandise data including Zona Libre de Colon.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Including refugees.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2021
r		2017
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 10 years and over.
u		Provisional data.
v		Includes the Panama Canal Zone.