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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	23 667	32 859	39 407^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4	-2.4	5.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	857.2	1 119.6	1 290.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	29.4	25.2	24.7^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	14.6	13.7	14.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	56	61.2	61.2^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	64.9	62.2	61.4^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	15.6	17.1	17.5^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	19.5	20.7	21.2^b
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	10.7	13.1	10.9
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	26.2 / 55.3	28.1 / 53.4	28.8 / 53.9
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	104	135	162^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	120	123^b
International trade: exports^l (million current US$)	660	855	1 294^j,e
International trade: imports^l (million current US$)	6 612	9 745	12 082^j,e
International trade: balance^l (million current US$)	- 5 952	- 8 890	- 10 787^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 447	-84	939^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.7	1.8	-0.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	18.6	20.2^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.2^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.3	2.1	2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	68.6 / 66.1	70.8 / 67.5	72.1 / 69.1^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	33.0 / 8.4	30.1 / 9.1	28.4 / 9.6^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	509.5 / 1.9^o	487.6 / 1.7^o	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	36.8	20.1	20.3^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	40.3	30.3	24.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	5.5	5.2	5.4^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.6^r	0.8	0.9^q
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3	4.2	4^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	148.1 / 138.0	122.7 / 119.7	121.1 / 124.8^e
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	96.9 / 90.6	103.8 / 101.4	103.9 / 106.4^e
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	51.2 / 50.0^j	74.3 / 69.7	79.4 / 77.0^e
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.2	2.1	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	29.5	32.7^s	33.1^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^j (per 100 inhabitants)	17.6	37.7	49.6^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3^t,u,v	...	...
Threatened species (number)	105	109	130^e
Forested area (% of land area)	41.6	41.6	41.6^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5.6 / 0.2	12.9 / 0.4	12.6 / 0.4^q
Energy production, primary^w (Petajoules)	416	453	476^q
Energy supply per capita^w (Gigajoules)	18	21	21^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^x (000)	539	230	615^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	51.7	51.7	51.7^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	33.0 / 23.8	24.8 / 15.9	23.2 / 14.2^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	35.4 / 37.6	43.0 / 49.7	44.6 / 52.2^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.96	5.2	4.38^q

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to the municipality.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Index base: 2014/2015=100.
l		Merchandise trade data up to 2009 reported by fiscal year and beginning 2010 reported by calendar year.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Including refugees.
p		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 16 July.
q		2021
r		2013
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Research and development budget instead of research and development expenditure or based on research and development budget.
u		Partial data.
v		2010
w		Data refer to fiscal years ending 30 June.
x		Including arrivals from India.