UNdata

General Information

Region		Central America
UN membership date		24-Oct-45
Population (000, 2018)		6 285^a
Surface area (km2)		130 373^b
Pop. density (per km2, 2018)		52.2^a
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97.3^a
Capital city		Managua
National currency		Cordoba Oro (NIO)
Capital city pop. (000, 2018)		1 047.9
Exchange rate (per US$)		30.8^c

Economic indicators

	2005	2010	2018
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	6 300	8 759	13 230^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2010 prices)	4.3	4.4	4.7^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 171.0	1 526.0	2 151.0^d
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	17.8	18.7	17.3^d
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	22.9	24.2	26.8^d
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	59.3	57	55.9^d
Employment in agriculture^e (% of employed)	28.9	32.2	28.8
Employment in industry^e (% of employed)	19.7	16.5	17.7
Employment in services^e (% employed)	51.4	51.3	53.5
Unemployment rate (% of labour force)	5.6	7.8	4.4^e
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	44.1 / 82.1	47.1 / 82.9	50.6 / 83.9
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	63	100	147^c
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	104	118	132^d
International trade: exports (million current US$)	866	1 848	4 926^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 536	4 191	7 704^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 670	- 2 343	- 2 778^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-784^f	-780	-694^c

Social indicators

	2005	2010	2018
Population growth rate^g (average annual %)	1.4	1.3	1.2^b
Urban population (% of total population)	55.9	56.9	58.5
Urban population growth rate^g (average annual %)	1.6	1.6	1.5^b
Fertility rate, total^g (live births per woman)	2.8	2.6	2.3^b
Life expectancy at birth^g (females/males, years)	73.8 / 68.0	75.8 / 69.8	77.5 / 71.4^b
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	36.0 / 6.1	32.8 / 6.5	28.6 / 8.7^a
International migrant stock^h (000/% of total pop.)	34.9 / 0.6	37.3 / 0.7	41.2 / 0.7^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR 000	0.2ⁱ	0.1ⁱ	0.7^c
Infant mortality rate^g (per 1 000 live births)	26.4	24	20^b
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5	6.5	7.8^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.5	0.7	0.9^j
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.4^e,k	4.5	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	120.2 / 121.9	122.7 / 123.8	... / ...
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	74.1 / 63.7	78.8 / 69.8	... / ...
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	18.7 / 16.8^l	... / ...	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	13.6	13.7	7.4^d
Seats held by women in National Parliaments (%)	20.7	20.7	45.7

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2005	2010	2018
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	2.6	10^e	24.6^e,d
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	~0.0^l	...	0.1^m,b
Threatened species (number)	90ⁿ	121	144^c
Forested area (% of land area)	28.8	25.9	25.9^b
CO₂ emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	4.3 / 0.8	4.5 / 0.8	4.9 / 0.8^j
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	62	66	92^b
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	22	22	27^b
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^o 000	712	1 011	1 504^d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	73.7	73.7	73.7
Pop. using improved drinking water (urban/rural, %)	96.3 / 63.7	98.2 / 67.3	99.3 / 69.4^b
Pop. using improved sanitation facilities (urban/rural, %)	70.8 / 45.4	74.3 / 51.8	76.5 / 55.7^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	12.39	7.76	3.34^d

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2015
c		2017
d		2016
e		Estimate.
f		Break in the time series.
g		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
h		Including refugees.
i		Data as at the end of December.
j		2014
k		2003
l		2002
m		Higher Education only.
n		2004
o		Including nationals residing abroad.