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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	499 950	429 898	374 984^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.7	-1.8	2.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 622.0	2 009.0	1 646.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	20.9	24.4	23.2^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	20.4	28.6	33.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	58.8	47	43.6^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	38.3	38	34.3^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	12.5	14.9	17.9^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	49.3	47.1	47.8^b
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	4.1	5.7	3
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	76.9 / 85.0	77.1 / 85.8	80.7 / 84.4
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	159	303^l	699^l,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	113	121^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	48 433	34 900	52 362^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	33 831	55 455	40 968^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	14 602	- 20 555	11 394^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 15 439	- 15 986	17 215^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.5	2.1	2.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	47.8	51.2^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.6^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	5.5	4.7	4.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	52.2 / 51.6	53.4 / 52.7	55.1 / 54.4^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	44.3 / 4.7	42.8 / 4.7	40.5 / 4.9^a
International migrant stock^o,p (000/% of total pop.)	1 199.1 / 0.6	1 308.6 / 0.6	1 403.3 / 0.6^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 510.2	2 689.5	3 434.8^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	126.2	113.7	101.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^q (% of GDP)	3.6	3.4	4.3^r
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4^s	0.4^d	0.4^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	77.5 / 83.6	83.9 / 84.9	83.4 / 84.2^t
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	44.1 / 47.6	47.1 / 47.7	48.7 / 49.5^t
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	39.3 / 43.6	40.3 / 40.6	41.3 / 41.6^t
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	21.1^d	15.7^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	6.7	3.4^u	3.9^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^j (per 100 inhabitants)	22.5	31.9	39.2^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.3^v,w,x,y,d	...
Threatened species (number)	333	380	473^e
Forested area (% of land area)	24.6	23.7	23.4^r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	86.2 / 0.5	99.7 / 0.5	108.3 / 0.5^r
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	7 283	5 942	5 025^r
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	14	12	13^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 255	502	528^r
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	66.4	70.3	70.3^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	33.9 / 16.8	35.2 / 19.9	35.7 / 21.2^r
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	30.0 / 25.2	34.7 / 26.2	36.6 / 26.6^r
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.51	0.79	1.01^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Data refers to the urban agglomeration.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Rural and urban areas.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Including refugees.
p		Refers to foreign citizens.
q		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
r		2022
s		2013
t		2021
u		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
v		Partial data.
w		Excluding private non-profit.
x		Break in the time series.
y		Excluding business enterprise.