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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	11 335	10 584	12 607^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.3	-8.1	4.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	4 965.7	4 252.0	4 911.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	7.2	9.8	9.3^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	29.9	27.5	30.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	62.9	62.7	60.3^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	24.5	22.1	21.6^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	17	16.3	16.6^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	58.5	61.6	61.9^b
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	20.8	21.1	19.4
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	56.4 / 65.4	54.2 / 61.5	56.0 / 63.7
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	129	161	188^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	96	100^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	4 628	3 868	5 488^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	7 697	5 038	7 239^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 069	- 1 170	- 1 751^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 559	316	- 1 848^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7	3	2.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	46.9	51^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.6^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.6	3.3	3.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	63.1 / 56.8	68.0 / 60.2	71.5 / 63.5^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	36.5 / 5.4	37.1 / 5.6	37.0 / 5.9^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	101.6 / 4.4^m	109.4 / 4.3^m	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	4.4	5.5	7.2^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	45.3	40.5	36.3^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	10	8.9	9.4^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	0.4	0.5^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	9.5	9.3	9.5^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	124.1 / 132.0	130.0 / 136.3	130.1 / 135.9^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	107.2 / 100.4	117.2 / 111.4	119.7 / 113.9^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	17.9^p	12.2	12.4^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	41.3	42.7^q,r	44.2^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	25.7	57.9	62.2^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3^s,t	...	...
Threatened species (number)	105	117	172^d
Forested area (% of land area)	8.5	8.1	8^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	3.7 / 1.6	3.5 / 1.4	3.5 / 1.4^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	21	29	28^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	35	32	31^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 388	170	461^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	86.2	86.2	86.2^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.26	1.71	1.52^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
o		2021
p		2012
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		The figures on the National Assembly correspond to the provisional results of the November 2019 elections, excluding members yet to be appointed. Newly elected members are due to be sworn in March 2020.
s		Partial data.
t		2014