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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	16 209	14 235	18 407^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.4	-1.2	4.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	603.8	456.6	558.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	26.5	30.2	29.7^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	21	24.4	25.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	52.5	45.4	45^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	72.1	70.8	70.1^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	7.7	8.8	9.1^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	20.1	20.4	20.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.4	4.1ⁱ	3.7ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	78.1 / 80.1	77.6 / 78.6ⁱ	78.3 / 79.6ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	126^j	188^j	100^k,l,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	95	136	157^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	3 231	3 720	8 276^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	7 908	6 514	10 092^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 4 677	- 2 794	- 1 816^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 5 948	- 3 775	- 2 426^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.9	3	2.9^a
Urban population (% of total population)	34.4	36.5^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.5^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	5.2	5	4.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	60.7 / 56.4	64.2 / 58.2	66.7 / 60.5^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	45.7 / 4.5	45.2 / 4.3	44.5 / 4.1^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	321.8 / 1.2^o	338.8 / 1.1^o	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	18.8	332.2	917.5^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	83.9	70.5	63^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	6.7	7.6	9.1^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1^r	0.1	0.1^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6	6.7	6.9^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	109.2 / 119.8ⁱ	116.6 / 123.7	118.0 / 124.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	40.2 / 43.9ⁱ	44.7 / 49.3	42.7 / 45.7^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	21.9 / 23.9ⁱ	32.2 / 32.2	27.4 / 28.1^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3.6^s	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	39.6	41.2^t	43.2^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	6.5	17.8	21.2^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3	...	...
Threatened species (number)	268	426	559^d
Forested area (% of land area)	48.2	46.7	46.4^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	6.3 / 0.2	5.4 / 0.2	6.9 / 0.2^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	702	733	834^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	16	14	15^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	1 552	952	492^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	41.2	41.2	41.2^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	... / 14.2	... / 19.2	... / 20.9^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	11.62	18.6	14.49^q

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refer to 8 cities only.
l		Base 2023 = 100
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Including refugees.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2021
r		2013
s		2011
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		The data of all the border posts of the country are used.