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General Information

Region		Western Africa
Population (000, 2021)		20 856^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		17.1^a
Capital city		Bamako
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		2 529.3^b
UN membership date		28-Sep-60
Surface area (km2)		1 240 192^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		100.5^a
National currency		CFA Franc, BCEAO (XOF)^c
Exchange rate (per US$)		534.6^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	10 679	13 095	17 433^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	10.9	7.5	6.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	709.6	750.9	886.8^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	34.9	39.8	39.8^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	25.3	19.3	23.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	39.7	40.9	37^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	68.6^e	62.3	62.3^e,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	8.8^e	8.3	7.6^e,d
Employment in services (% employed)	22.5^e	29.5	30.2^e,d
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	8.1	7.7	7.3^d
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	60.3 / 81.9	61.2 / 81.2	61.2 / 80.6^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^f (2010=100)	100	110	109^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	80	97	121^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 996	2 530^e	578^e,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	4 704	3 169^e	10 593^e,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 2 707	-639^e	- 10 015^e,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 190	-697	-836^g

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^h (average annual %)	3.3	2.9	3^d
Urban population (% of total population)	36	40	43.1^b
Urban population growth rate^h (average annual %)	5.6	5	...
Fertility rate, total^h (live births per woman)	6.7	6.4	5.9^d
Life expectancy at birth^h (females/males, years)	54.6 / 53.4	56.9 / 55.6	59.5 / 58.0^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	47.5 / 4.2	47.9 / 4.0	46.7 / 3.8^a
International migrant stockⁱ (000/% of total pop.)	341.1 / 2.3	420.5 / 2.4	485.8 / 2.4^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	15.3^j	148.3	323.4^d
Infant mortality rate^h (per 1 000 live births)	89.1	78.5	65.8^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7	4.1	3.9^g
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	0.1^k	0.1^g
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3	3.8	3.8^l
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	77.0 / 89.7	71.5 / 79.7	71.6 / 79.5^g
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	31.9 / 46.5	36.8 / 46.5	37.0 / 45.0^g
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	20.5 / 33.4	24.1 / 35.0	23.7 / 34.0^g
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	10.2	9.5	27.3^m

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	2	10.3	12.7^l
Research & Development expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	0.6	0.3	0.3^o,l
Threatened species (number)	29	39	71
Forested area^e (% of land area)	10.9	10.9	10.9^g
Energy production, primary^e (Petajoules)	125	153	161^g
Energy supply per capita^e (Gigajoules)	10	11	11^g
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	169	159	203^p,g
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	8.1	8.1	8.1^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	8.3 / 15.4	9.0 / 21.4	9.6 / 28.0^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	10.63	9.38	10.65^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		African Financial Community (CFA) Franc, Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO).
d		2020
e		Estimate.
f		Bamako
g		2018
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Including refugees.
j		Data as at the end of December.
k		2012
l		2017
m		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
n		Excluding business enterprise.
o		Partial data.
p		Arrivals by air only (Bamako-Sénou airport).