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General Information

Region		Eastern Europe
Population (000, 2024)		3 035^a,b
Pop. density (per km2, 2024)		92.3^a,b
Capital city		Chisinau
Capital city pop. (000, 2024)		504.3^d
UN membership date		02 March 1992
Surface area (km2)		33 847^c
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		85.2^a,b
National currency		Moldovan Leu (MDL)
Exchange rate (per US$)		17.4^e

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	7 798	11 531	14 510^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-0.7	-8.3	-5.9^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 379.2	3 737.9	4 433.4^c
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	14.7	10.8	9.2^c
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	24.2	26.7	23.3^c
Economy: Services and other activityⁱ (% of GVA)	61.1	62.5	67.5^c
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	59.6	57.8	55.4^c
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	10.5	11.4	12.7^c
Employment in services^j (% employed)	29.9	30.8	31.9^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	1.8	1.2	1.4^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	69.4 / 71.1	68.0 / 71.6	71.3 / 72.3^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k,l (2010=100)	136	173	265^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	91	81	90^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 967	2 467	4 049^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	3 987	5 416	8 674^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 2 020	- 2 949	- 4 625^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-463	-887	- 1 974^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate^a (average annual %)	-1.6	-1.4	-1.2^b
Urban population^a (% of total population)	42.5	42.7^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.2^a,m	...	...
Fertility rate, total^a (live births per woman)	1.9	1.8	1.7^b
Life expectancy at birth^a (females/males, years)	74.5 / 65.6	74.2 / 65.5	75.7 / 66.7^b
Population age distribution^a,n (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.2 / 18.1	20.0 / 21.4	19.8 / 23.0^b
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	106.4 / 2.6^a	104.4 / 2.6^a	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	6.8	3.9	112^e
Under five mortality rate^a (per 1000 live births)	15.7	14.5	11.8^b
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	8.6	7	7.7^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.1	4.1	3.2^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.8	6.4	5.8^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.2 / 106.3	105.5 / 107.4	106.0 / 107.0^c
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.9 / 105.8	104.1 / 106.2	103.8 / 104.4^c
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.6 / 101.2	80.6 / 78.4	83.7 / 82.6^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	5.8	3	2.3^e
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	20.8	24.8^p	40.8^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	69	58.2^j	63.5^j,c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3	0.2	0.2^c
Threatened species (number)	29	33	37^e
Forested area (% of land area)	11.8	11.8	11.7^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	4.5 / 1.4	4.8 / 1.5	5.4 / 1.8^o
Energy production, primary^q (Petajoules)	28	29^j	32^o
Energy supply per capita^q (Gigajoules)	33	37	41^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^k,r (000)	94	29	162^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	71.6	78.4	78.4^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	79.8 / ...	83.3 / ...	84.6 / ...^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.82	4.28	4.24^o

Footnotes

a		Including the Transnistria region.
b		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
c		2022
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Excluding the left side of the river Nistru and the municipality of Bender.
l		Data refer to 8 cities only.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		2021
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Data exclude Transnistria and the municipality of Bender.
r		Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.