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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	4 444 931	5 048 790	4 232 174^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	1.6	-4.3	1^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	34 930.4	40 311.4	34 143.7^c
Economy: Agriculture^g,h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	1	1	1^c
Economy: Industry^g,i,j (% of Gross Value Added)	28.8	29.1	29^c
Economy: Services and other activity^i,k (% of GVA)	70.2	69.8	70^c
Employment in agriculture^l (% of employed)	3.5	3.1	3.1^c
Employment in industry^l (% of employed)	25.1	24	23.6^c
Employment in services^l (% employed)	71.4	72.8	73.3^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.4	2.8	2.8^l
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	49.4 / 70.3	53.1 / 71.4	55.2 / 72.1^l
CPI: Consumer Price Index^m (2010=100)	104	105	111^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	100	100^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	624 874	641 283	717 946^f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	625 568	635 402	751 750^f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-695	5 880	- 33 804^f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	136 472	150 029	150 691^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.1	-0.4	-0.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	91.4	91.7^e	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	~0.0ⁿ	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.4	1.3	1.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	87.0 / 80.7	87.7 / 81.6	87.9 / 81.8^a
Population age distribution^o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	12.8 / 33.6	12.2 / 34.9	11.4 / 35.9^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	2 232.2 / 1.7^p	2 771.0 / 2.2^p	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	13.8^l	30.6^l	28.4^f
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	2.7	2.3	2.3^a
Health: Current expenditure^q,r (% of GDP)	10.7	11	10.8^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.4^t	2.6	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3	3.2^e	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.3 / 102.6	102.6 / 102.9	102.2 / 102.2^s
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.6 / 101.7	102.1 / 102.2	100.9 / 101.0^s
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^l (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.0 / 102.5	103.5 / 103.4	103.7 / 103.0^s
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.3	0.3	0.2^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	9.5	9.9^u	10.3^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^v,w (per 100 inhabitants)	91.1	90.2	84.9^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	3.2	3.3	3.3^s
Threatened species (number)	364	470	599^f
Forested area (% of land area)	68.4	68.4	68.4^s
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1 163.3 / 9.1	982.3 / 7.8	1 005.1 / 8.1^s
Energy production, primary^r,x (Petajoules)	1 318	1 813	2 228^s
Energy supply per capita^r,x (Gigajoules)	143	129	135^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^y (000)	19 737	4 116	3 832^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	63.2	64.6	65.1^f
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^z (% of GNI)	0.83	0.62	1.2^c

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Data refer to 1 October 2007.
c		2022
d		Major metropolitan areas.
e		2019
f		2023
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
i		At producers' prices.
j		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
k		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4. Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
l		Estimate.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Refers to foreign citizens.
q		Data are based on SHA2011.
r		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
s		2021
t		2014
u		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
v		Users in the last 12 months.
w		Population aged 6 years and over.
x		Data include Okinawa.
y		Excluding nationals residing abroad.
z		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).