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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	38 587	43 580	47 452^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.5	-1.6	2.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	4 064.3	3 987.7	4 204.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	4.9	5.1	5.2^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	28.1	26.2	27.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	67	68.7	67.7^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	3.4	3.3	3.2^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	21.1	17.6	18.2^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	75.4	79.1	78.6^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	13.1	19.2	19ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	13.6 / 59.2ⁱ	14.9 / 62.7	14.3 / 62.7ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	116	101^j	109^j,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	102	110^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	7 833	7 943	13 145^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	20 475	17 007	25 652^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 12 642	- 9 064	- 12 507^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 3 470	- 2 505	- 4 159^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	7.2	1.9	0.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	90.3	91.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	5.8^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.1	2.8	2.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	77.3 / 73.1	78.3 / 73.4	80.3 / 75.9^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	34.8 / 5.2	32.8 / 6.2	30.7 / 7.3^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	3 167.0 / 34.2^m,n	3 457.7 / 33.9^m,n	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	684.8	748.3	741.3^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	17.5	15.1	13.3^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	7.5	7ⁱ	7.3^i,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.7	2.5^c	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	3^c	3.2^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	87.3 / 87.8^q	... / ...	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	79.3 / 77.7^q	71.4 / 71.4	73.7 / 75.0^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	66.8 / 57.0^q	60.5 / 53.8	65.0 / 62.0^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.6	1	1^d
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12	15.4^r	13.1^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	54.2ⁱ	78.4ⁱ	90.5^s,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.7^t,u	...
Threatened species (number)	102	121	136^d
Forested area (% of land area)	1.1	1.1	1.1^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	24.4 / 2.6	20.2 / 1.8	19.7 / 1.8^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	14	33	37^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	39	31	30^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	3 761	1 067	4 277^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	9.4	12.7	12.7^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	84.1 / ...	84.4 / ...	84.4 / ...^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	5.61	7.15	7.66^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Base: 2018=100.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		2021
q		2014
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 5 years and over.
t		Break in the time series.
u		2016
v		Including nationals residing abroad.