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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	417 210	327 181	398 048^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-1.4	3.3	3.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 100.9	3 748.2	4 495.1^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	10.4	13.9	14.1^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	33	30.3	32.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	56.6	55.8	53.1^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	17.1	16.7	15.1^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	32.8	33.6	34.2^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	50	49.7	50.7^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	11.2	9.7	8.7ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	14.3 / 67.9	13.8 / 67.7	14.7 / 70.2ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	92	229	476^b
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	87	84^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	60 041	34 409	15 003^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	40 037	38 805	54 320^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	20 003	- 4 395	- 39 318^i,d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	0.6	1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	73.4	75.4^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2	1.7	1.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	77.8 / 74.1	76.2 / 72.2	79.8 / 76.0^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	23.6 / 9.3	23.8 / 10.9	22.4 / 12.2^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	2 729.9 / 3.5^m,n	2 797.2 / 3.3^m,n	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	979.5	979.5	3 443.5^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	15.5	13.1	10.9^a
Health: Current expenditure^o,p (% of GDP)	7.5	5.4	5.8^i,q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.1	1.5^r	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.6	3.2	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	112.0 / 106.1	107.2 / 101.9	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.3 / 103.5^s	92.5 / 95.2	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	84.6 / 90.1^s	79.4 / 80.1	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.4^s	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	3.1	5.9^t	5.6^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^u (per 100 inhabitants)	45.3	75.6	81.7^i,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.8^c	...
Threatened species (number)	121	161	194^d
Forested area (% of land area)	6.6	6.6	6.6^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	556.5 / 6.8	638.1 / 7.3	652.4 / 7.4^q
Energy production, primary^p (Petajoules)	13 637	14 937	16 140^q
Energy supply per capita^p (Gigajoules)	123	138	140^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	5 237	1 550	4 108^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	43.5	43.5	43.5^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	96.0 / 85.6	96.1 / 87.1	96.2 / 87.7^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	79.5 / ...	77.3 / ...	76.2 / ...^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.03	0.1	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Index base: fiscal (solar) year 2016 (21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017)=100.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		Country is still reporting data based on SHA 1.0.
p		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 21 March.
q		2021
r		2018
s		2014
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		Population aged 6 years and over.