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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	50 034	70 043	73 766^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.1	0.5	3.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 733.0	2 176.6	2 203.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	21.8	20.1	20.9^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	34	31.8	34.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	44.2	48.1	44.9^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	35.2	40.5	39.7^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	18.7	18.6	18.9^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	46.1	40.9	41.4^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	6.8	3.4ⁱ	3.6ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	65.1 / 73.5	64.7 / 72.1ⁱ	65.0 / 72.2ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	183	306	610^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	123	136^b
International trade: exports^j (million current US$)	13 756	22 373ⁱ	16 875^d
International trade: imports^j (million current US$)	14 687	16 357ⁱ	16 394^d
International trade: balance^j (million current US$)	-932	6 016ⁱ	480^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 824	- 2 134	- 1 517^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.3	2	1.9^a
Urban population (% of total population)	54.1	56.7^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.6^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4	3.5	3.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	65.1 / 61.3	66.7 / 62.0	68.2 / 63.3^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	38.6 / 5.1	37.2 / 5.5	35.8 / 6.1^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	414.7 / 1.5^m	476.4 / 1.5^m	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	21.3	13.3	11.1^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	55.5	45.5	40.1^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	4.5	4	4.2^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	0.2	0.1^b
Education: Government expenditureⁱ (% of GDP)	4.4	3.9^p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.0 / 103.0	96.8 / 97.0	95.2 / 97.8^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	81.2 / 85.0	82.3 / 81.7	81.5 / 80.5^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	46.1 / 52.4	62.1 / 65.6	72.2 / 72.5^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.8	1.7	1.8^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	10.9	13.1^q	14.6^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	23	62.5^r	69.8^r,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4^s,t	...	...
Threatened species (number)	223	255	292^d
Forested area (% of land area)	34.6	35.1	35.1^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	14.6 / 0.5	18.8 / 0.6	19.8 / 0.6^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	424	704	642^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	13	15	15^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	897	355	915^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	78.8	78.8	78.8^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	52.1 / 11.0	61.6 / 16.5	62.6 / 18.8^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	11.6 / 11.9	13.4 / 16.4	14.0 / 18.4^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.69	3.12	1.64^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Since 2011, Ghana have been exporting crude petroleum & natural gas in relatively larger quantities.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		2021
p		2018
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 6 years and over.
s		Break in the time series.
t		2010
u		Including nationals residing abroad.