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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	14 954	15 846	24 605^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3	-6.8	10.1^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 965.3	4 207.9	6 571.3^c
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	8.8	8.3	7^c
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	21.5	24.2	24.6^c
Economy: Services and other activity^g,i (% of GVA)	69.7	67.5	68.4^c
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	44	41.1	39.9^c
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	11	13.4	13.8^c
Employment in services^j (% employed)	44.9	45.5	46.3^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	16.5	11.7	12^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	59.0 / 80.3	55.1 / 73.2	54.3 / 72.3^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	115	141	177^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	116	114^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	2 204	3 341	6 091^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	7 304	8 049	15 591^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 5 100	- 4 708	- 9 500^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 767	- 1 984	- 1 326^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate^b (average annual %)	0	-0.1	-~0.0^a
Urban population^b (% of total population)	57.4	59^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.7^b,l	...	...
Fertility rate, total^b (live births per woman)	2.2	2	1.8^a
Life expectancy at birth^b (females/males, years)	77.9 / 68.5	78.3 / 68.6	79.2 / 69.7^a
Population age distribution^b,m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	19.4 / 19.7	21.0 / 21.1	20.8 / 22.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	76.7 / 1.9^b,n	79.4 / 2.0^b,n	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	268.3	291	322^e
Under five mortality rate^b (per 1000 live births)	10.7	9.6	7.7^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	7.4	8.4^j	7.4^j,c
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	5.3	5.2	5.6^c
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.2	3.8	3.6^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.8 / 109.4	100.8 / 102.7	103.3 / 103.5^e
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	107.8 / 111.9	105.6 / 108.0	96.9 / 99.6^e
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.1 / 102.3	107.2 / 110.0	112.7 / 118.0^c
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.9^p	2^d	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	11.3	14.1^q	19.3^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	47.6^r	72.5^s	78.7^s,c
Research & Development expenditure^t,v (% of GDP)	0.3^u	0.3	0.2^c
Threatened species (number)	114	126	128^e
Forested area (% of land area)	40.6	40.6	40.6^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	9.0 / 2.4	9.6 / 2.5	10.0 / 2.7^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	55	44	51^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	52	55	59^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	3 012	1 087	3 653^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	40.3	40.3	42.4^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	87.7 / 39.9	87.9 / 40.3	88.0 / 40.5^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	18.8 / 44.5	14.5 / 40.7	14.1 / 39.2^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.07	6.89	4.35^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
c		2022
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Data refer to 5 cities only.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		2021
p		2010
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 6 years and over.
s		Population aged 15 years and over.
t		Excluding private non-profit.
u		Partial data.
v		Excluding business enterprise.