UNData app

General Information

Region		Eastern Africa
Population (000, 2020)		3 546
Pop. density (per km2, 2020)		35.1
Capital city		Asmara
Capital city pop. (000, 2020)		928.8^b
UN membership date		28-May-93
Surface area (km2)		117 600^a
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		100.5
National currency		Nakfa (ERN)
Exchange rate (per US$)		15.1^b

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	2 117	4 442	6 855^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.2	2.6	4.2^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	667.7	1 328.9	1 985.4^c
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	19.1	17.2	17.3^c
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	23.1	23.5	23.5^c
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	54.4	55.6	55^c
Employment in agriculture^d (% of employed)	64.7	63.1	60.8
Employment in industry^d (% of employed)	9.1	8.5	8.5
Employment in services^d (% employed)	26.3	28.4	30.7
Unemployment^d (% of labour force)	5.4	5.3	5.2
Labour force participation rate^d (female/male pop. %)	71.4 / 83.0	71.6 / 86.1	71.4 / 85.3
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	102	103	104^e
International trade: exports^d (million current US$)	13	15	18^b
International trade: imports^d (million current US$)	1 187	2 801	5 677^b
International trade: balance^d (million current US$)	- 1 175	- 2 786	- 5 659^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rate^f (average annual %)	2.3	1.1	1.2
Urban population (% of total population)	35.2	38.2	40.7^b
Urban population growth rate^f (average annual %)	4.5	3.6	...
Fertility rate, total^f (live births per woman)	4.8	4.4	4.1
Life expectancy at birth^f (females/males, years)	62.7 / 58.7	65.6 / 61.4	68.0 / 63.6
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	39.5 / 6.2	42.3 / 6.5	41.1 / 6.4
International migrant stock^d (000/% of total pop.)	15.7 / 0.5	15.9 / 0.5	16.1 / 0.5^b
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	5^g	3	0.9^b
Infant mortality rate^f (per 1 000 live births)	51.6	45	34.7
Health: Current expenditure^d (% of GDP)	3.5	2.9	2.9^a
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	...	0.1^e
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.1^h	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	76.9 / 90.2	70.4 / 81.7	63.1 / 73.6^c
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	45.1 / 58.8	47.5 / 56.0	45.4 / 49.9^c
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	1.8 / 4.7	2.7 / 4.2	2.8 / 3.9^e
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22	22	22^b

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet^d (per 100 inhabitants)	0.6	1.1	1.3^a
Threatened species (number)	97	113	143
Forested area^d (% of land area)	15.2	15	15^a
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	0.5 / 0.1	0.6 / 0.1	0.6 / 0.1^a
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	24	27	28^a
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	10	10	11^a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersⁱ (000)	84	114	142^e
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	7.74	5.16^j	...

Footnotes

a		2017
b		2019
c		2018
d		Estimate.
e		2016
f		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
g		Data as at the end of December.
h		2006
i		Including nationals residing abroad.
j		2011