UNData app

General Information

Region		Northern Europe
Population (000, 2020)		1 326
Pop. density (per km2, 2020)		31.3
Capital city		Tallinn
Capital city pop. (000, 2020)		441.3^b
UN membership date		17-Sep-91
Surface area (km2)		45 227^a
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		90
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.9^b

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	19 697	23 049	30 747^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.7	1.8	4.8^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	14 786.2	17 523.3	23 241.9^c
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	3.6	3.3	3.1^c
Economy: Industry^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	27.6	27.3	27.7^c
Economy: Services and other activity^d,f,g (% of GVA)	62	61.5	62.3^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	4.2	3.9	3.1^h
Employment in industry (% of employed)	30.3	30.7	29.4^h
Employment in services (% employed)	65.5	65.4	67.6^h
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	16.7	6.2	5.4
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	55.0 / 67.1	56.0 / 69.5	56.8 / 70.7
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	111	122^b
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	110	150	128ⁱ
International trade: exports^j (million current US$)	12 811	13 908	16 811^b
International trade: imports^j (million current US$)	13 197	15 732	18 659^b
International trade: balance^j (million current US$)	-385	- 1 824	- 1 848^b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	340	403	690^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	-0.4	-0.3	0.2
Urban population (% of total population)	68.1	68.4	69.1^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	-0.5	-0.2	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	1.7	1.6	1.6
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	79.0 / 68.3	81.2 / 71.8	82.5 / 74.0
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.1 / 23.2	16.1 / 25.1	16.5 / 26.8
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	217.9 / 16.4	194.7 / 14.8	190.2 / 14.4^b
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	101^l	86.8	77^m,b
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	4.7	3.2	2
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	6.3	6.4	6.4^a
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.2	3.4	4.5^c
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5	5.1	5.2ⁱ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.2 / 103.8	97.1 / 97.1	97.3 / 97.2^a
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.3 / 105.2	110.8 / 111.3	118.9 / 116.2^a
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	85.9 / 51.6	87.5 / 57.7	84.8 / 55.4^a
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	5.3	3.4	2.1^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22.8	19.8	28.7ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	74.1^o,p	88.4	89.4^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.6	1.5	1.4^q,c
Threatened species (number)	11	17	48
Forested area (% of land area)	52.7	51.3	51.3^h,a
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	18.6 / 13.9	15.1 / 11.5	16.0 / 12.1^a
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	206	234	242^a
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	179	176	185^a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^r,s (000)	2 511	2 961	3 234^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	94.8	94.8	94.9^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	97.4 / 93.9	98.4 / 94.2	98.7 / 94.4^a
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.1	0.15	0.16^a

Footnotes

a		2017
b		2019
c		2018
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation and canals.
f		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
g		Excludes computer and related activities and radio/TV activities.
h		Estimate.
i		2016
j		General Extra-EU/Special Intra-EU
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Almost all people recorded as being stateless have permanent residence and enjoy more rights than foreseen in the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons.
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Users in the last 3 months.
p		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
q		Provisional data.
r		Border statistics are not collected any more, surveys used instead.
s		Based on mobile positioning data.