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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	97 210	95 865	118 845^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.1	-9.2	2.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 976.0	5 464.0	6 610.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	8.6	9	8.1^b
Economy: Industry^d,f (% of Gross Value Added)	30	25.6	28.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^d,g (% of GVA)	61.5	65.5	63.4^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	26.2	31.8	30^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	19.7	15.9	17.5^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	54.1	52.3	52.5^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.6	6.1	5.1^h
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	51.9 / 79.7	48.1 / 71.9	52.4 / 76.5^h
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	122	124	133^i,j
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	103	99	108^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	18 331	20 355^h	31 558^j
International trade: imports (million current US$)	21 387	17 918^h	29 490^j
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 057	2 437^h	2 068^j
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 221	2 005	7 082^j

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	0.8	0.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	63.4	64^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.8^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.2	2	1.8^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.6 / 73.8	75.9 / 68.6	80.5 / 75.1^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.0 / 9.8	26.4 / 10.9	23.9 / 12.3^a
International migrant stock^m (000/% of total pop.)	332.1 / 2.0	721.6 / 4.1	747.7 / 4.1^j
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	133.1ⁿ	498.9	468.8^j
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	15.4	13	11.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^o,p (% of GDP)	7.8	8.7	7.5^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.8	2.3	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.6 / 100.8	99.3 / 97.0	98.6 / 96.0^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	108.6 / 105.9	100.4 / 98.9	97.2 / 95.5^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	96.5 / 91.9	91.8 / 87.9	92.2 / 89.0^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	6.5	7.8	45.7^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	41.6	39.4^r	43.1^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^s (per 100 inhabitants)	48.9	70.7	77.2^t,j
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4^u	...	...
Threatened species (number)	2 308	2 501	2 778^j
Forested area (% of land area)	51.6	50.3	49.8^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	37.6 / 2.3	28.9 / 1.6	37.8 / 2.1^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 260	1 169	1 166^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	37	30	36^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	1 676	507	1 265^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	21.2	24.4	25.7^j
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	74.0 / 50.3	74.7 / 52.8	74.7 / 53.3^q
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	34.0 / 55.0	32.1 / 59.4	30.9 / 61.0^q
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.33	0.37	0.48^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
g		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		2024
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data as at the end of December.
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2022
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		Population aged 5 years and over.
t		Users in the last 12 months.
u		2014
v		Including nationals residing abroad.