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General Information

Region		Caribbean
Population (000, 2024)		10 980^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2024)		102.8^a
Capital city		Havana
Capital city pop. (000, 2024)		2 138.4^d
UN membership date		24 October 1945
Surface area (km2)		109 884^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97.4^a
National currency		Cuban Peso (CUP)^c
Exchange rate (per US$)		24^e,f

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	87 206	107 352	147 194^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.4	-10.9	1.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	7 690.2	9 499.6	13 128.0^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	3.9	2.8	1.8^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	22.6	23.2	18.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	73.5	74	79.7^b
Employment in agriculture^g (% of employed)	18.7	17.8	17.1^b
Employment in industry^g (% of employed)	16.8	16.5	16.6^b
Employment in services^g (% employed)	64.5	65.8	66.3^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	2.4	1.4^g	1.1^g
Labour force participation rate^g (female/male pop. %)	42.3 / 70.0	39.4 / 66.4	41.8 / 71.2
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	76	72^b
International trade: exports^g (million current US$)	1 318	2 205	2 128^f
International trade: imports^g (million current US$)	8 418	6 937	7 496^f
International trade: balance^g (million current US$)	- 7 100	- 4 732	- 5 368^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-~0.0	-0.2	-0.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	76.9	77.1^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.3^h	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.7	1.5	1.4^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	80.0 / 75.6	79.9 / 75.0	80.7 / 75.9^a
Population age distributionⁱ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.7 / 19.4	15.8 / 21.1	15.3 / 24.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	4.6 / ~0.0	3.0 / ~0.0	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.3	0.3	0.2^f
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	6.3	6	5.6^a
Health: Current expenditure^g,j (% of GDP)	12.8	12.5	13.8^k
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	7.8	9.2	9.4^k
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	12.8^l	0	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.8 / 105.6	99.7 / 102.4	99.1 / 100.6^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.8 / 99.4	93.9 / 100.6	94.2 / 99.1^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.4 / 90.8	109.9 / 102.6	114.9 / 106.9^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	5.5	4.4^d	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	48.9	53.2^m	55.7^m

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internetⁿ (per 100 inhabitants)	37.3	71.1	73.2^g,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.5	0.3^o,p,k
Threatened species (number)	337	357	441^f
Forested area (% of land area)	30.6	31.2	31.2^k
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	28.7 / 2.5	21.1 / 1.9	22.5 / 2.0^k
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	212	170	172^k
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	40	30	32^k
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^q (000)	3 506	1 085	1 613^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	54.5	54.5	54.5^f
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	37.9 / 54.9	37.0 / 55.2	37.1 / 56.0^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.65	0.76^r	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		The national currency of Cuba is the Cuban Peso (CUP). The convertible peso (CUC) is used by foreigners and tourists in Cuba.
d		2019
e		UN operational exchange rate.
f		2023
g		Estimate.
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
j		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
k		2021
l		2010
m		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
n		Population aged 6 years and over.
o		Break in the time series.
p		Provisional data.
q		Arrivals by air.
r		2018